A variety of sources have been consulted in the preparation of the Philippines monograph. Official documents have been used whenever possible, with heaviest reliance placed on the reports and war diaries of lower echelons. Squadron war diaries have been particularly valuable. These most basic of basic sources have been augmented by published works (both official and unofficial), manuscripts and unpublished monographs, letters, and personal interviews. Unless otherwise noted, the documents listed below are on file in the records of the Historical Division, Headquarters U.S. Marine Corps.

Official Documents

Combined Chiefs of Staff. Overall Plan for the Defeat of Japan. Serial CCS 417/2, dtd 23Dec43. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library.

Combined Chiefs of Staff. Estimate of the enemy situation, Pacific-Far East, as of 8 September 1944. Serial CCS 643/1, dtd 9Sep44. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library.

Joint Chiefs of Staff. Directive: Plan for Operations for the Seizure of the Solomon Islands-New Guinea-New Britain-New Ireland Area. Serial JCS 238/5/D, dtd 28 March 1943, CM-OUT-2407, 29Mar43. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library.

Joint Chiefs of Staff. Directive to CinCPOA and CinCSoWesPac. Future Operations in the Pacific. Serial JCS 713/4, dtd 12Mar44. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library.

Joint Chiefs of Staff. Future Operations in the Pacific. Serial JCS 713/8, dtd 13Jun44. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library.

Radio, JCS to CINCSWPA and CINCPOA, 13Jun44, CM-OUT-500007. Filed at Staff Communications Office, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.

Radio, GHQ, SWPA to CINCPOA, sgd MacArthur, 1Jan45. (Copy of original message contained in officer's jacket, LtCol P. D. Lambrecht, filed at HQMC)

Radio, CINCSOWESPAC to CINCPOA CAX11868, Nov44. Filed at Staff Communications Office, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.

COMINCH P-008, Amphibious Operations, Invasion of the Philippines, October 1944 to January 1945, United States Fleet, Headquarters of the Commander in Chief. Filed at Departmental Records Branch, Adjutant Generals Office, Department of the Army. (Hereinafter listed as "AGO.")

Annex "A" to Commander Task Force 79 Attack Plan A304-44. Filed at AGO.

Appendix 2, Annex "C," CTF 79 Attack Plan No. A304-44, Annex Easy to XXIV Corps SOP. Filed at AGO.

Commander Air Force Pacific Fleet, Analysis of Air Operations, Luzon and Formosa, 3-9 January 1945.

Sixth United States Army, Report of the Leyte Operation, 17 October 1944-25 December 1944. Filed at AGO.

Sixth United States Army, Report of the Luzon Campaign, 9 January 1945-30 June 1945. (In four volumes.) Filed at AGO.

Report of the Commanding General, Eighth Army, on the Panay-Negros and Cebu Operations, VICTOR I and II. Filed at AGO.

Report of the Commanding General, Eighth Army, on the Leyte-Samar Operation (Including Clearance of the Visayan Passages), 26 December 1944-8 May 1945; Reproduced by 67th Engineer Topo Co, SWPA, 1945. (Multilithed). Filed at AGO.

Report of the Commanding General, Eighth Army, on the Mindanao Operation, VICTOR I-V. Filed at AGO.

Operational Monograph on the Mindanao Operation, VICTOR V, 17 April-June 1945. The Eighth United States Army. Filed at AGO.

Zamboanga Operation--Eighth Army Operational Monograph, VICTOR IV, 10 March-20 June 1945. Filed at AGO.

"Operational Monograph on the Leyte Mop-Up Operation," Eighth United States Army; (typewritten report). Filed at AGO.

A History of the X Corps in the Leyte-Samar Philippine Islands Operation, Hqs., X Corps, 6 January 1945. (Multilithed) Filed at AGO.

Operation Report, XXIV Corps, Leyte; Prov. Engr. Top. Map. Det., undated mimeographed report. Filed at AGO.

Operations Report, XXIV Corps in Leyte (PI) Campaign, 20 October-25 December 1944; mimeographed report. Filed at AGO.

1st Cavalry Division, Action Report, 27 January-30 June 1945. Filed at AGO.

Hqs, 1st Cavalry Division, APO 201, "Historical Report of 1st Cavalry Division, K-2 Operation, 20 October-15 December 1944," dated 4 March 1945. Filed at AGO.

Leyte, Historical Report of the 24th Infantry Division Landing Team, 20 October 1944-25 December 1944, Philippine Liberation Campaign. Reproduced by 67th Engineer Topo Co SWPA, 1945. Filed at AGO.

24th Infantry Division, Historical Report, Mindanao--VICTOR V. Filed at AGO.

Hqs., 41st Infantry Division, "G-3 Report on the VICTOR FOUR Operation." Filed at AGO.

77th Infantry Division, "Operations Report, The Liberation of Leyte, 23 November-25 December 1944," dated 5 February 1945. Filed at AGO.

Hqs., 77th Infantry Division, "Supplemental Operation Report, 26 December 1944-5 February 1945." Filed at AGO.

G-3 Journal, 6th Division, 25-26 February 1945. Filed at AGO.

96th Infantry Division, Action Against Enemy Report, King 2 Operation, 1944. Filed at AGO.

A/A Report, 30 Inf. Regt., Leyte, 26 December 1944-2 February 1945; Supplemental Historical Record. Filed at AGO.

1st Infantry Regiment, History of the Luzon Campaign, Action Reports, 4 February 1945. Filed at AGO.

"Attack Aviation," Air Corps Tactical School, Maxwell Field, Alabama, January 1, 1937. Filed at Air University Library, USAF, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama.

History of the Far East Air Forces. Filed at Air University Library, USAF, Maxwell Field, Alabama.

Kenney, General George C., Far Eastern Air Forces, Leyte. Filed at Air University Library, USAF, Maxwell Field, Alabama.

"History of the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing," undated.

"History of the 49th Fighter Group." Filed at Air University Library, Maxwell Field, Alabama.

"History of the 308th Bombardment Wing (H), Luzon Campaign." Filed at Air University Library, Maxwell Field, Alabama.

Public Information History, MAG-24, dated 18 April 1946.

Public Information History, MAG-32 (including SMS-32 and Hq Sq-32, VMSB-244, 343, AWS-11 and VMO-6) dated 1 December 1945.

Squadron History, 1 January 1945-1 August 1945, (Marine Scout Bombing Squadron 241, MAG-24, submitted 15 August 1945.

Japanese Studies in World War II, No. 11. 35th Army Operations, 1944-1945. Prepared in Japan after the war. Filed at U.S. Army Historical Division.

10th Information and Historical Service, 8th Army. A staff study of operation of the 35th Japanese Army on Leyte. Interrogation of Major General Yoshiharu Tomochika. Filed at Office of Chief of Military History, U.S. Army Historical Division.

Staff Study of Operations of the Japanese 35th Army on Leyte, 10th Information and Historical Service, Headquarters Eighth Army. Filed at U.S. Army Historical Division.

Operations Instructions No. 73, GHQ, SWPA, 12 October 1944. Filed at AGO.

Operations Instructions No. 73. Hq Allied Air Forces, SWPA, dated 17 October 1944. Filed at AGO.

ComAirNorSols Operations Instructions No. 24-44, dated 7 November 1944.

USMC, Air Intelligence Folder, undated.

Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, An Evaluation of Air Operations affecting the U.S. Marine Corps in World War II, 31 December 1945.

Marine Aircraft Group 24, Report on "Close Support Aviation," by Lieutenant Colonel Keith B. McCutcheon.

War Diaries

(Monthly War Diaries for the period June 1944 through August 1945 were consulted for all the following organizations; these are listed overall rather than for individual months for purposes of convenience and simplicity.)

Marine Aircraft Group 24	Marine Aircraft Group 32
VMSB-133	VMSB-142
VMSB-236	VMSB-243
VMSB-241	VMSB-244
VMSB-341

Marine Aircraft Group 14	Marine Aircraft Group 12
VMF-212	VMF-115
VMF-222	VMF-211
VMF-223	VMF-311
VMF-251	VMF-218
VMF(N)-541	AWS-3
VMB-611	AWS-4

Daily Intelligence Summary, MAGSDAGUPAN, 7 February-22 March 1945

"Report of Action on 7 December 1941," Ltr from CO, MAG-21 to CinCPAC Fleet, Serial KV4/P6/PWC (1219) dated 30 December 1941.

"Official recommendation for commendation, VMF-251," submitted by LtCol Zebulon C. Hopkins, CO, MAG-14, 21Feb45.

Monthly Muster Rolls of all Marine aviation units participating in the Philippines campaign were consulted to corroborate a wide variety of facts concerning personnel.

Publications

Books

Marshall, General George C., The Winning of the War in Europe and the Pacific; Biennial Report of the United States Army, July 1, 1943 to June 30, 1945, to the Secretary of War. New York: Simon and Schuster (for the War Department), 1945.

The War Reports of General George C. Marshall, General Henry H. Arnold and Admiral Ernest J. King. New York and Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Military Analysis Division, Employment of Forces Under the Southwest Pacific Command, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1947.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Military Analysis Division, The Thirteenth Air Force in the War Against Japan, Washington: Government Printing Office, 30 September 1946.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Military Analysis Division, The Fifth Air Force in the War Against Japan, Washington: Government Printing Office, June 1947.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Military Analysis Division, Air Campaigns of the Pacific War. Washington: Government Printing Office, July 1947.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Summary Report (Pacific War).. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1 July 1946.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey (Pacific) Naval Analysis Division, The Air Effort Against Japan, Washington, D. C.: lithographed, undated.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Interrogations of Japanese Officials, 2 Volumes, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1946.

United States Strategic Bombing Survey, (Pacific), Naval Analysis Division, Marshalls-Gilberts-New Britain Party, The Allied Campaign Against Rabaul, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1 September 1946.

War Department, FM-100-20, Command and Employment of Air Power, 21 July 1943. Filed at Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia.

Air Force Historical Division The Army Air Forces in World War II, Vol IV, The Pacific--Guadalcanal to Saipan, (Edited by Wesley Frank Craven and James Lea Cate), Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1950.

Arnold, General Henry H., Global Mission, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1949.

Buchanan, A. R. (editor), The Navy's Air War, A Mission Completed, New York: Harper and Brothers for Aviation History Unit OP-519B, DCNO (Air), 1946.

Daniel, Hawthorne, Islands of the Pacific, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1943.

DeChant, John A., Devilbirds: The Story of United States Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947.

Eichelberger, General Robert L., in collaboration with Milton Mackaye, Our Jungle Road to Tokyo, New York: The Viking Press, 1950.

Field, James A., Jr., The Japanese at Leyte Gulf, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1947.

Halsey, Fleet Admiral William F. and Lt. Commander J. Bryan III, Admiral Halsey's Story, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1947.

Haugland, Vern, The AAF Against Japan, New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1948.

Hoffman, Major Carl W., Saipan: The Beginning of the End, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1950.

Hough, Frank O., The Island War: The United States Marine Corps in the Pacific, Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1947.

Karig, Captain Walter, Battle Report: The End of an Empire, New York: Rinehart & Company, Inc., 1948.

Kenney, General George C., General Kenney Reports, New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1949.

Knox, Commodore Dudley W., A History of the United States Navy, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1948.

Lala, Ramon Reyes, The Philippine Islands, New York: Continental Publishing Company, 1898.

McCartney, William F., The Jungleers, A History of the 41st Infantry Division, Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948.

Philippine Embassy, "Background Information on the Philippines," mimeographed, undated.

Philippine Embassy, The Philippines (A Brief Historical and Factual Survey), Reprint from Trade Directory of the Philippines. Washington: undated.

Robson, R. W., The Pacific Islands Handbook, New York: The MacMillan Company, (North American Edition), 1945.

The 37th Infantry Division in World War II, Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948.

Turnbull, Archibald D., and Lord, Clifford L., History of United States Naval Aviation, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1949.

U.S. Army Service Forces, The War in Outline, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1945.

Wright, Major B. C. The 1st Cavalry Division in World War II, Printed in Occupied Japan by the Toppan Printing Company, Ltd., Tokyo, 1947.

Periodicals

Finn, Colonel John M., "Shoestring Ridge," (Part I), Infantry Journal, September, 1945.

Hubbard, Lucien, "Scrub Team at Tacloban," Readers Digest, February 1945.

Knox, Commodore Dudley W. (USN, Ret'd), "Unification and Integration," Infantry Journal, February 1950.

McAloney, Captain Samuel H., "Is Air Support Effective?" Marine Corps Gazette, November 1945.

McCutcheon, LtCol Keith B., "Close Air Support on Luzon," Marine Corps Gazette, September 1945.

Parrish, Wayne, "On the Beam," Liberty magazine, 23 June 1945.

"War Record of the SBD," BuPers Info Bulletin, September 1944.

Manuscripts

Unpublished Manuscripts

Cannon, Dr. M. Hamlin, "Leyte: Return to the Philippines," preliminary draft, a volume in the series U.S. Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific. (U.S. Army Historical Division, Pacific Section).

Christoffersen, LtCol Lee A., "The Employment of Marine Dive Bombers in Support of the Sixth Army on Luzon." Unpublished monograph, Amphibious Warfare School, Senior Course, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia, 1950.

Ciampa, Capt. Emilius R., Jr., "Close Air Support of U.S. Army Units in the Philippines," an unpublished monograph prepared for Amphibious Warfare School, Junior Course, 8th Class, Quantico, Virginia.

Frazer, LtCol Fred J., "Close Air Support in the Luzon Campaign," a monograph prepared for Amphibious Warfare School, Senior Course, Quantico, Virginia, 1950.

Goodwin, Lt Harold L., "Air Support," 24 September 1945. A study contained in Goodwin's combat correspondent files, HQMC.

McAloney, Capt Samuel H., "Marine Close Support, Philippines," an unpublished monograph.

McAloney, Capt Samuel H., "Air Support Work with 121st Infantry, USAFIP, NL, 25-26 February 1945," an unpublished paper.

Morton, Dr. Louis, "The Fall of the Philippines," (in manuscript), a volume in the series U.S. Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific. (U.S. Army Historical Division, Pacific Section).

Sherrod, Robert, "History of Marine Aviation in World War II," (in manuscript) to be published in 1951 by Combat Forces Press, Washington, D. C. Manuscript filed at Historical Section, Division of Aviation, HQMC.

Smith, Robert Ross, "The Approach to the Philippines," (in manuscript), a volume in the series U.S. Army in World War II, The War in the Pacific. (U.S. Army Historical Division, Pacific Section).

Letters

Letter, General Kenney to General Whitehead, dtd 21 August 1944.

Letter, General Kenney to General Mitchell, dtd 26 June 1944.

Memo for MajGen Field Harris, from MajGen Ralph J. Mitchell, dtd 26 March 1946.

Letter, LtGen Claude A. Larkin (Ret'd) to author, dtd 20 July 1950.

Letter, LtGen George C. Kenney to author, dtd 27 October 1950.

Letter, James McConaughy to Robert Sherrod, dtd 13 May 1948.

Memorandum to author from Major S. H. Fletcher, dtd 2 March 1951.

Letter, Col Stewart W. Ralston to author, dtd 11 February 1951.

Letter, Col Zebulon C. Hopkins to author, 20 February 1951.

Comments on Preliminary Drafts

Copies of individual chapters of this monograph, in preliminary draft form, were sent for comment to some 900 participants in the various Philippine operations. Over 500 of these persons responded by letter or marginal notations with valuable corrections and amplifications. All of these comments cannot be cited individually in this bibliography because of space limitations. But all are available in the working files of the Marine Corps Historical Division to any bonafide student of this phase of military history. Many of the comments have been quoted in footnotes to elaborate on the text and are indicated by "MS. COMMENT:". Others have been incorporated in the text; some, although not specifically cited, served to corroborate information already available.

Interviews

In addition to sources already cited, many officers in key positions during the Philippines operation were personally interviewed. Many of these interviews have been cited in this monograph at appropriate points. Copies of interviews are filed with manuscript comments at the Marine Corps Historical Division.