Appendix I
Bibliography

This historical monograph is based upon an evaluation and examination of many sources. These include action reports, unit diaries and journals, operation plans and orders, dispatches, letters, and preoperation studies by units participating in the campaign. The narrative in general depends upon reports of lower echelon units to provide details of specific actions. In all cases, source material supporting any particular event or action comes from records of the organization most directly concerned at the time. Operation reports of higher echelon commands served to present the over-all picture and aid in the integration of various complex activities into the complete story of Iwo Jima.

Approximately 175 participants in the campaign from operation commander to platoon leaders, contributed to the finished product through written comments or personal interview. Information thus gained served either to supplement or corroborate the hundreds of documents consulted during preparation of the monograph. Also, in this manner valuable information was received that never found its way into official records, although many of the personal recollections and anecdotes were used primarily to verify or clarify material contained in the official action reports.

Many documents studied while conducting research actually had only an indirect bearing on the operation; such records are not listed in the bibliography. Only the most useful and pertinent sources, including all those cited in the text, appear among the items included in the list below. Unless otherwise noted, all sources given here are filed in the archives of the Historical Branch, G-3, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, Washington, D.C.

Documents

• Joint War Planning Committee Plan 91/D, 13Sep43, "Seizure of the Bonins."

• Joint War Planning Committee Study 244, 24Jan44, "Immediate Occupation of Iwo Jima."

• Joint Chiefs of Staff Directives 713 and 713/4, 12Mar44, called for an acceleration of the Pacific War through assigning new objectives and canceling others.

• Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Operations, Commitments and Requirements PD 384.3, Japan (11-9-43) Sec. 3, 17May44, "Paper on Long Range Fighter Groups."

• Joint Chiefs of Staff Paper 924, 30Jun44, "Operations Against Japan Subsequent to Formosa," suggested a drive into the Bonins after the Formosa Operation.

• Army Air Force Memorandum for the Joint Planning Staff, 21Jul44, "Fighter Escort for VLR Bombers," informed the JPS that Iwo Jima could be used to base fighter planes for escorting bombers to Tokyo.

• Joint War Planning Committee Plan 91/3, 12Aug44, "Plan for the Seizure of the Bonins," notes from the Joint Planning Staff's 163d meeting, 16Aug44, Iwo Jima singled out as the only practical objective in the Bonins Group.

• Joint Logistics Committee Study 67/4/m. 23Aug44, "Memorandum of Request, Naval Personnel Requirements for Pacific Theater through 3 June 1945," three divisions specified for projected Volcano-Bonin Operation in April 1945.

• Joint Chiefs of Staff Paper 713/19, 3Oct44, "Future Operations in the Pacific," CinCPOA directed to occupy positions in the Nanpo Shoto (Volcano-Bonins), target date 20Jan45.

• Joint Planning Staff Paper 404/15, 18Oct44, "Operations for the Defeat of Japan," a Joint War Plans Committee outline of projected operations to defeat Japan, including Iwo Jima.

• Joint Chiefs of Staff Paper 7813/18, 2Oct44, "Future Operations in the Pacific," Admiral King's proposed directive for future Pacific operations to include occupation of positions in the Volcano-Bonin Group.

• Joint Intelligence Committee Report (44) 491 (0) Final, London, 8 December 44, "Possibility of Japanese Withdrawal from the Outer Zone," a paper by the Joint Intelligence Subcommittee of the Combined Chiefs of Staff that deals with the effect of the Japanese naval defeat in the Philippines on Japan's war plans and potential.¹

• CominCh P0012, Commander in Chief United States Fleet report of amphibious operations to capture Iwo Jima, 17Jul45.

• CinCPOA Joint Staff Study DETACHMENT, 7Oct44, plan for assault on Iwo Jima; forces to be used and information regarding enemy defenses and strength on the island.

• CinCPOA Campaign Plan GRANITE II, 3Jun44, outlines conduct of future Pacific operations and objectives for 1944 and 1945.

• CinCPac-CinCPOA Intelligence Items and Translations.

• CinCPac-CinCPOA Bulletins, Numbers 126-44, 9-45 (4th Supplement), 9-45, 75-45, 79-45, 122-45, 124-45, 140-45, 152-45, 170-45, 161-45, and 2-46.

• Headquarters U.S. Army Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, Office of Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2, "Study of Iwo Jima," undated.

• Commander, Amphibious Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CTF 51), Operation Plan A25-44, 27Dec44, over-all operation plan for capture and occupation of Iwo Jima.

• Commander, Amphibious Forces, U.S. Pacific Fleet, Report on the Capture of Iwo Jima, 19May45.

• Intelligence Section, Amphibious Forces, U.S. pacific Fleet, "Information on Iwo Jima (Kazan Retto)," undated.

• Commander, Fast Carrier Force (CTF 58), U.S. Fifth Fleet, Report of Combat Operations from 10Feb45 to 4Mar45, includes accounts of operations in support of Iwo Jima assault and diversionary raids against Japan.

• Task Force 56 Report on Iwo Jima Operation, contains reports on planning, intelligence, operations, logistics, personnel, and special staff functions, 27Mar45.

• Task Force 56 Report on Iwo Jima Operation, contains reports on planning, intelligence, operations, logistics, personnel, and special staff functions, 27Mar45.

• Task Force 53 Iwo Jima Operation Report, 2Apr45.

• Task Force 52 Iwo Jima Special Action Report, 22Feb45.

• USS Makin Island (CVE 93) Action Report, Occupation of Iwo Jima, 10Feb45 to 11Mar45, undated.

• Composite Spotting Squadron One, Participation of VOC-1 in Iwo Jima Operation, 18Mar45.

• Task Force 54 Report of Operations in the Iwo Jima Campaign, 10Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps Operation Orders 4-45, 10-45, 11-45, 13-45, 14-45, 15-45, 23-45.

• V Amphibious Corps Special Action Report, Iwo Jima, contains individual reports of planning, operations, intelligence, logistics, personnel, air, naval gunfire, ordnance, signal, medical, artillery, and air support control unit officers, dated separately by report.

• V Amphibious Corps, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-1, Special Action Report, Iwo Jima, Campaign, 20Apr45 (Intelligence).

• V Amphibious Corps, C-2 Study of Enemy Situation.

• V Amphibious Corps C-2 Periodic Reports 1 through 35, 19Feb45 through 9Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps C-2 Special Interrogation Report of Major Hara, Mitsuaki, commanding officer of 1st Bn, 145th Infantry Regiment [IJA], 22Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 31Mar45, (Operations).

• V Amphibious Corps C-3 Periodic Reports, 19Feb45 through 9Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-4, Special Action Report, Iwo Jima, Campaign, 30Apr45 (Logistics).

• V Amphibious Corps Transport Quartermaster Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 27Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps Operation Plan 3-44, Annex M (Engineer Plan), 23Dec44.

• V Amphibious Corps Engineer Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 17Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps Artillery Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 18Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps Naval Gunfire Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 30May45.

• V Amphibious Corps Air Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 30Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps Signal (Communications) Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 29Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps Surgeon's Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 24Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps Landing Force Air Support Control Unit Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 17Mar45.

• V Amphibious Corps LVT Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 30Apr45.

• V Amphibious Corps Headquarters Commandant Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 30Mar45.

• Company B, Amphibious Reconnaissance Battalion, Fleet Marine Force, Pacific (attached to V Corps), Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 29Mar45.

• 3d Marine Division Operation Order 23-45.

• 3d Marine Division Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 30Apr45, contains enclosed individual reports of administration, personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, and supporting arms components.

• 3d Marine Division Periodic Report No 31, 16Mar45.

• 3d Marine Division G-2 Language Section, Aggregate Report from POW's who worked on Communications Center Pillbox and Tunnels leading thereto from Various Units, 2Mar45.

• 3d Marine Division Supplemental Interrogation Report of POW No 69, 19Mar45.

• 3d Marine Division POW Identification Card, 21st Mar Prisoner No 83, 20Mar45.

• 9th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 20Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 12th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, undated, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from individual organic battalions.

• 21st Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 10Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 3d Tank Battalion Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 9Apr45, contains reports from organic companies.

• 3d Engineer Battalion Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 17Apr45.

• 4th Marine Division Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 19 February to 16 March 1945, 18May45, contains basic report of five sections covering plans and preparations, movement to objectives, ship-to-shore movement, narrative of the operation, comments and recommendations, plus individual administration, intelligence, operations, logistics, and communications annexes.

• 4th Marine Division D-2 Periodic Reports, 19 February to 16 March 1945.

• 4th Marine Division D-2 Language Section Translations, 9Mar45, "Reconstruction of Counterattack Stopped by BLT 2/23 on Morning 9 March."

• 4th Marine Division D-2 Language Section Translations, 11Mar45, Japanese Naval Headquarters Report of 23Feb45.

• 4th Marine Division D-2 Language Section Preliminary POW Report No. 13, 8Mar45.

• 4th Marine Division Language Section Translations, 26Feb45, "Instructions From Chief of Staff, 17Feb45," [Japanese 109th Division Chief of Staff].

• 4th Marine Division D-2 Language Section Translations, 28Feb45, translation of captured enemy diary.

• 4th Marine Division D-3 Periodic Reports, 19 February to 16 March 1945.

• 14th Marines Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 13Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 23d Marines Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 9Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 24th Marines Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 20Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 25th Marines Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 15Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus action reports from the individual organic battalions.

• 4th Tank Battalion Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 18Apr45, contains reports from organic companies.

• 4th Engineer Battalion Operation Report, Iwo Jima, undated.

• 4th Medical Battalion Operation Report, Iwo Jima, undated.

• 4th Marine Division Support Group Operation Report, Iwo Jima, 4Apr45.

• 5th Marine Division Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 19 February to 26 March 1945, 28Apr45, contains basic report of nine sections covering a summary, planning, task organization, training and rehearsals, embarkation, movement to objective, ship-to-shore movement, operations ashore, and special comments and recommendations, plus individual administration, intelligence, operations, supply transport quartermaster, shore party, air support, naval gunfire support, and communications annexes.

• 5th Marine Division Operation Orders 9-45 and 13-45.

• 5th Marine Division D-3 Journal, Iwo Jima.

• 5th Marine Division War Diary, February 1945.

• 5th Marine Division War Diary, March 1945.

• 5th Marine Division D-2 Periodic Report No 26, 19Mar45.

• 5th Marine Division Japanese Language Section, Preliminary POW Interrogation Report No 36, 18Mar45.

• 13th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 7Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus acton reports from individual organic battalions.

• 26th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 20Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus acton reports from individual organic battalions.

• 26th Marines War Diary, March 1945.

• 27th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 17Apr45, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus acton reports from individual organic battalions.

• 28th Marines Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, undated, contains reports from R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 sections, plus acton reports from individual organic battalions.

• 5th Tank Battalion Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, 24Apr45, contains reports from organic companies.

• 5th Tank Battalion Periodic Report No 5, 24Feb45.

• 5th Shore Party Regiment Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Operation, undated.

• Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas, Report of Participation in the Iwo Jima Operation, 1945, contains reports of VII Bomber Command units and Seventh Air Force fighter groups. Filed at the Air University, Maxwell Field, Alabama.

• Headquarters, 147th Infantry Regiment, Report of Operations Against the Enemy, Iwo Jima, 11Jun45. Filed at the Adjutant General's Office, Kansas City Records Administration Center, Kansas City 24, Missouri.

• Army Garrison Force, Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 25Mar45.

• 138th Antiaircraft Artillery Group, Special Action Report, Iwo Jima Campaign, 17Mar45.

Books and Periodicals

• Aurthur, 1stLt Robert A. and Cohlmia, 1stLt Kenneth, The Third Marine Division. Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1948.

• Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Intelligence, Washington, D.C., Impact, Vol I, No. 3, August 1943.

• Assistant Chief of Air Staff, Intelligence, Washington, D.C., "Iwo, B-29 Haven and Fighter Springboard," Impact, Vol. III, No. 9, September-October 1945.

• Boggs, Maj Charles W., Marine Aviation in the Philippines, Marine Corps Historical Monograph. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951.

• Conner, Howard M., The Spearhead, The World War II History of the 5th Marine Division. Washington: Infantry Journal Press, 1950.

• Dulles, Foster R., American and the Pacific. New York: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1932.

• Fahey, James C., The Ships and Aircraft of the United States Fleet. Washington: Ships and Aircraft, Publishers, 1950.
  [Note: Most of the information from this volume has been collected, together with other sources, and presented on the pages of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 -- HyperWar]

• Halsey, Fleet Admiral William F., and Bryan, LtCdr J., III, Admiral Halsey's Story. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1947.

• Heinl, Maj Robert D., Jr., "Dark Horse on Iwo," Marine Corps Gazette, August 1945.

• Hoffman, Maj Carl W., Saipan: The Beginning of the End, Marine Corps Historical Monograph. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1950.

• Hoffman, Maj Carl W., The Seizure of Tinian, Marine Corps Historical Monograph. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1951.

• Hough, Maj Frank O., The Assault on Peleliu, Marine Corps Historical Monograph. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1950.

• Hough, Maj Frank O., The Island War. Philadelphia and New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1947.

• Isely, Jeter A. and Crowl, Phillip A., The U.S. Marines and Amphibious War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1951.

• Lodge, Maj O.R., The Recapture of Guam, Washington: Government Printing Office, 1954.

• Military Intelligence Service, War Department, Tactical and Technical trends, No 58, May 1945. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1945.

• Osborn, Fairfield, ed., The Pacific World. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1944.

• Price, Willard, Japan's Islands of Mystery. New York: John Day Company, 1944.

• Sherrod, Robert, History of Marine Corps Aviation in World War II. Washington: Combat Forces Press, 1952.

• Smith, General Holland M., Coral and Brass. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1949.

• Terry, Philip T., Terry's Japanese Empire. Boston and New York: Houghton-Mifflin Company, 1914.

• Williams, LtCol Robert H., "Up the Rock on Iwo the Hard Way," Marine Corps Gazette, August 1945.

Miscellaneous

• Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Biennial Report, 1 July 1943 to 30 June 1945.

• Encyclopedia Britannica, articles, "Ogasawara Jima," and "Volcano Islands."

• Garretson, Maj Frank E., "Operation of the 2d Bn., 24th Marines on Iwo Jima, Volcano Islands, 19Feb-18Mar45," an unpublished monograph prepared for the Advanced Officers Course, The Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia, 19Feb47.

• Giniger, SSgt Henry and Smith, SSgt Tony, "The Twenty-Seventh Marines in Combat, Iwo Jima," an unpublished manuscript, undated.

• Horie, Maj Yoshitaka, "Explanation of Japanese Defense Plan and Battle of Iwo Jima," 25Jan49.

• Japanese Studies in World War II: "Air Operations on Iwo and the Ryukyus," No 57; and "Operations on Iwo Jima," No 61. On file at the Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army.

• Navy Department Press and Radio Release, medals, citation and unit commendation awarded to officers and crews of LCI(G) Group Eight and LCI(G) Flotilla Three [for Iwo Jima action], 5Sep45.

• The New York Times, "Forrestal Pays Tribute to Marines," 26Feb45.

• The New York Times, "Japanese Chief on Iwo Praised by Tokyo Radio," 3Mar45.

• Thomason, Capt John W., III, "The Fourth Division at Iwo Jima," an unpublished manuscript, undated.

• Turton, LtCol Howard J., "A Division Pre-Dawn Attack," Historical Study, Marine Corps Schools Senior Course (1946-47). Filed at Records Section, Marine Corps Schools, Quantico, Virginia.

• U.S. Army Surgeon General, Monthly Progress Report, Section 7, Health for June, 1945.

• U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine, Statistics Division, "World War II Casualties," 1Aug45.

• U.S. Ships' Histories: USS Pensacola, USS Steamer Bay, Wake Island. Filed at Office of Naval Records and Library, Ships' Histories Branch, Navy Department.

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Footnotes

1. Aforementioned documents are in custody of Records Branch, Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3, Department of the Army, Washington, D.C.