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Re: Indicator plants
On Tue, 16 Apr 1996, Mark Thorson wrote:
> In article <4krbos$5u8@altrade.nijmegen.inter.nl.net>,
> Frits v/d Laan <f.vd.laan@inter.nl.net> wrote:
> >I would like to get any information about plants that are known to
> >indicate at a early stage anything to do with there environment,
> >shortage or to much of nutrician N, P, K, Mg etc. or are sensitive for
> >or atract insects earlier than most plants.
>
> Lichens are indicators of air pollution. Unlike vascular plants,
> they don't have any way to get rid of toxins, so they are
> particularly sensitive to environmental pollution.
>
some (epiphytic) mosses are as well. e.g. (in central europe) most
orthotrichum spec. tend to disappear with increasing air pollution (
or over-nutrition), a few like o.diaphanum tend to profit from this as
long as the changes are not too severe.
concerning lichens, there are a few that are rather resistant and may
profit from environmental changes, such as xanthoria parietina or
lecanora muralis.
AUTHOR(s): Kennedy, Decland
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oreganization of human support systems and creating
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be recognized and prevented. Lung disease among farm
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exposures that include organic dusts, chemicals, and toxic
gases. In addition to nonspecific symptoms of mucous
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. .. $ lead-info.PenPages-database lead-info-from-PenPages From jim.mcnelly@granite.mn.org Thu Dec 29 22:35:46 EST 1994
Article: 4925 of alt.sustainable.agriculture
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Subject: Lead contamination
From: jim.mcnelly@granite.mn.org (Jim Mcnelly)
Message-ID: <36.1081.1470@granite.mn.org>
Date: Thu, 29 Dec 1994 02:51:00 +0600
Organization: Granite City Connection St. Cloud MN 612-654-8372
Lines: 73
C> my concerns are about lead contamination. our soil has been tested
C> and lead levels range from 140 to 600 ppm.
C> Does anyone know the following?
C> 1. does lead naturally occur in soil and at what levels?
I used to manage lead clean up projects in the 80's, and might take a
stab at some of your questions. I have seen background lead levels
range from 10 PPM up to 250 PPM, with 50 being fairly typical. Your
levels are fairly high, and characteristic of soils near traffic ways
in urban settings.
2. Can lead be removed by growing a cover crop and disposing of it rather
C> than composting it?
Lead, as I understand it, is not uptaken by leaves, stems, or fruits,
or for that matter, most plants. Its problem is associated with the
soil itself, meaning that it attaches itself to roots, which are then
ingested. It is also a problem with the "pica" phenomenon of children
eating the soil, which another pathway of ingestion. Finally it is a
concern for the soil worker, in the form of dirt on the skin, dust
which is breathed, or dust on the skin. Lead is easily absorbed
through the skin.
Composting does not "treat" lead or other metals. If anything, it
might dilute the metal a bit. Composting is used for treating
explosives, petrochemicals, oil, gasoline, diesel, and some herbicides
and pesticides. But microbes are not alchemists. They can not convert
base minerals into other minerals.
3. What methods can be used to remove lead from soils?
The only two methods I am aware of are to dig up the soil and remove
it or to put a new layer of soil on top of the old.
4. What is considered a safe level of lead in the soil?
Well, the EPA hazardous level I worked with in the 80's was 5,000 PPM.
In sewage sludge and compost, the levels are set around 250 PPM as a
maximum. Added over the years, since lead does not break down into
anything else, even a 250 PPM compost or sludge could bring the soil
lead levels up to 250 PPM if it started at 50 PPM.
Personally, If I had soils over 300 PPM, I would avoid growing or
eating root vegetables. Over 500 PPM, I would keep kids from playing
in the soil and would be concerned with skin exposure.
5. I
C> understand that tomatoes, eggpplant etc. are better to grow in lead
C> contaminated soils than leafy greens because the leaves absorb ythe
C> lead. Is this correct?
Not to my knowledge, although there might be new data showing lead
uptake that I am not aware of. Leaf uptake is typically associated
with cadmium. Root vegetables are the concern. Much of the issue is
related also to the pH of the soil. The more acid the soil, the more
likely a metal can get absorbed, the more alkaline, the less likely
metals will leach.
C> any help/ advice that you can offer me to help remediate this
C> problem would be very appreciatted. I would like to rehabilitate
C> the soil as much as possible rather than just using raised beds.
* RM 1.3 02460 * What profit to gain the world and lose your soil?
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