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Class Number: 356 Class Title: OPTICS: MEASURING AND TESTING Subclass Subclass Number Title 1 TRIANGULATION BY LIGHT BEAM 2 CONTOUR PLOTTING 3 RANGE OR REMOTE DISTANCE (E.G., HEIGHT) FINDING 4 .With light detector (e.g., photocell) 4.5 ..Of light interference (e.g., interferometer) 5 ..Time delay or phase change of reflected beam 6 .Instrument condition testing or indicating 7 .Periscope or offset type 8 .With view finder 9 .Base line instrument (i.e., base is a part of instrument) 10 ..With filter or light valve 11 ..Range finder combined with height finder 12 ..Stereoscopic 13 ...Ortho-pseudo type 14 ...Stationary measuring marks 15 ..Length of base line variable 16 ..Image displaced by moving refracting element 17 ..Image displaced by rotating reflecting element 18 ..With mounting, support, adjusting, or folding structure 19 ..Prism structure for determining coincidence 20 .External basis type 21 ..Object size or distance known 22 ...With displaced images 23 MOTION STOPPING (E.G., STROBOSCOPES) 24 .Periodically moving reflecting or refracting element 25 .Periodically moving light interrupting element 26 ..Vibrating or oscillating element 27 VELOCITY OR VELOCITY/HEIGHT MEASURING 28 .With light detector (e.g., photocell) 28.5 ..Of light interference (e.g., interferometer) 29 OPTICAL ELEMENT OR RETICLE RESPONDS TO RELATIVE VELOCITY OF REMOTE OBJECT 30 CRYSTAL OR GEM EXAMINATION 31 .Axes determination 32 MATERIAL STRAIN ANALYSIS 33 .With polarized light 34 ..Attached detector 35 ..Sheet material 35.5 .By light interference detector (e.g., interferometer) 36 WITH SAMPLE PREPARATION 37 .Condensation nuclei detector 38 .Depositing particles on optical surface 39 BLOOD ANALYSIS 40 .Hemoglobin concentration 41 ..Oximeters 42 ..Standards 43 OPTICAL PYROMETERS 44 .With sample engaging rod or tube 45 .Plural color responsive 46 .With incandescent standard 47 ..Automatic intensity control 48 ..Modulating (e.g., flicker beam)) 49 ..Telescopic 50 ...Current control 51 INFRARED AND ULTRAVIOLET 52 EGG CANDLING 53 .Photoelectric 54 .With counting, marking, or weighing 55 .With egg transfer 56 ..With egg turning or jarring 57 ...Endless conveyor 58 ..Endless conveyor 59 ..Manual transfer 60 ...With light shading chamber 61 ...Portable receptacles 62 .With light shading chamber 63 ..Hood type 64 .With light box 65 ..With egg turning or jarring 66 ..With particular illumination means 67 ...With particular electrical switching 68 .Lamp attachments 69 CUTTING BLADE SHARPNESS 70 OIL TESTING (E.G., CONTAMINATION) 71 DOCUMENT PATTERN ANALYSIS OR VERIFICATION 72 WITH PLURAL DIVERSE TEST OR ART 73 PLURAL TEST 73.1 FOR OPTICAL FIBER OR WAVEGUIDE INSPECTION 300 BY DISPERSED LIGHT SPECTROSCOPY 301 .With Raman type light scattering 302 .For spectrographic (i.e., photographic) investigation 303 ..With spectral analysis 304 ..With sectored disc 305 ..With diffraction grating 306 .With internal standard comparison 307 .With background radiation comparison 308 .With synchronized spectrum repetitive scanning (e.g., cathode-ray readout) 309 ..Using plural beams 310 .With aperture mask 311 .With sample excitation (e.g., burning) 312 ..By electrical resistance heating (e.g., graphite tube) 313 ..By arc or spark 314 ...Including sputtering 315 ..By flame 316 ..By high frequency field (e.g., plasma discharge) 317 ..By light 318 ...Monochromatic (e.g., laser) 319 .Utilizing a spectrophotometer (i.e., plural beam) 320 ..Having plural wavelengths 321 ..Having servo equalization 322 ...With polarized light beams 323 ..Having beam modulation 324 ...With plural dispersion 325 ...Prior to testing 326 .Utilizing a spectrometer 327 ..Having light polarizing means 328 ..Having diffraction grating means 329 ...Including servo slit adjustment means 330 ..Having optical gating meanss 331 .With monochromator structure 332 ..Having adjustable color or bandwidth 333 ...In a double monochromator 334 ...With diffraction grating means 335 FOR SIZE OF PARTICLES 336 .By particle light scattering 337 BY PARTICLE LIGHT SCATTERING 338 .With photocell detection 339 ..At right angles to the light beam (e.g., nephelometer) 340 ..At variable angle to the light beam 341 ..For light comparison means 342 ..Of back-scattered light 343 ..Using plural photocells 344 BY ELECTROPHORESIS 345 BY LIGHT INTERFERENCE (E.G., INTERFEROMETERS) 346 .Spectroscopy 347 .Holography 348 ..For optical configuration 349 .With light beams of different frequency (e.g., heterodyning) 350 ..For rotation rate (e.g., ring laser) 351 .With polarization 352 .With partially reflecting plates in series (e.g., Fabry-Perot type) 353 .With shearing 354 .With wavefront division (e.g., by diffraction) 355 ..For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness) 356 ...Of displacement or distance 357 .For dimensional measurement (e.g., thickness) 358 ..Of displacement or distance 359 .For optical configuration 360 ..With two light beams (e.g., Twyman-Green) 361 .For refractive indexing 362 ..With Schlieren effect 363 .For orientation and alignment 364 BY POLARIZED LIGHT EXAMINATION 365 .With birefringent element 366 .With polariscopes 367 ..Including polarimeters 368 ...With electro-optical light rotation 369 .Of surface reflection 370 .With light attenuation 371 FOR FLATNESS 121 LAMP BEAM DIRECTION OR PATTERN 122 .With lamp focusing 123 FOCAL POSITION OF LIGHT SOURCE 124 LENS OR REFLECTIVE IMAGE FORMER TESTING 124.5 .For optical transfer function 125 .Focal length measuring 126 ..Deflecting or interrupting optical path 127 .Optical center, cylinder axis, or prism measuring or determining 128 REFRACTION TESTING (E.G., REFRACTOMETERS) 129 .Schlieren effect 130 .Differential 131 ..With servo controlled optical member 132 ...Reflective optical member 133 .Refractive rod engages specimen 134 .Prism forming fluid specimen containerr 135 .Prism engaging specimen 136 ..Internally reflecting prism 137 ..Plural prisms 138 ANGLE MEASURING OR AXIAL ALIGNMENT 139 .Plural scales or different portions of same scale simultaneously observable 140 .Apex of angle at observing or detecting station 141 ..With light detector (e.g., photocell) 142 ..Scale and remote point simultaneously observable 143 ...Artificial reference 144 ..With plural images 145 ...Lines of sight relatively adjustable with two degrees of freedom 146 ...Two or more lines of sight deflected 147 ..Measurement in two planes (e.g., azimuth and elevation; hour angle and declination) 148 ..Artificial reference 149 ...Gyroscope or pendulum stabilized optical element 150 .Sides of angle or axes being aligned transverse to optical axis (e.g., drift meter) 151 ..With light pulsing or interrupting means 152 .With light detector (e.g., photocell) 153 .Alignment of axes nominally coaxial 154 .With screen 155 ..Wheel alignment 372 BY MENSURATION 373 .Of article displacement 374 ..Including moire' fringe generation 375 .Of position 376 .Of contour or profile 377 ..With curve readers 378 .Of cavities 379 .Of area or volume 380 ..By scanning 381 .Of thickness 382 ..Of light permeable material 383 .Of length 384 .Of width or diameter 385 ..Of moving object 386 ...By scanning or light interruption 387 ..By scanning or light interruption 388 BY CONFIGURATION COMPARISON 389 .With photosensitive film or plate 390 .With two images of single article compared 391 .With projection on viewing screen 392 ..For comparison with master or desired configuration 393 ...Having master or desired configuration projection 394 .With comparison to master, desired shape or reference voltage 395 .With relatively movable optical grids 396 .With scale or optical grid displaced relative to remote fiducial mark 397 .With object being compared and scale superimposed 398 .With object being compared and light beam moved relative to each other (e.g., scanning) 399 BY ALIGNMENT IN LATERAL DIRECTION 400 .With light detector (e.g., photocell) 401 .With registration indicia (e.g., scale) 402 BY SHADE OR COLORR 403 .With merging colors or patterns (e.g., Maxwell disc) 404 .Photography 405 .Tristimulus examination 406 .Trichromatic examination 407 .With sample responsive to plural colors applied simultaneously 408 .With sequential comparison of sample and standard 409 .Fluid color transmission examination 410 ..Of flowing liquids 411 ...With plural light detectors (e.g., photocells) 412 ..With ionic determination 413 ..With variable light path length 414 ..With color transmitting filter 415 ...Including liquid filter comparison 416 .With color transmitting filter 417 ..Included with sample excitation 418 ..Including rotating sequential filters 419 ..Including multicolor filters 420 ..Included with colored light sources 421 .With reflective multicolor chart or standard 422 ..Plate 423 ...Disk 424 ..Drum or endless tape 425 .With color determination by light intensity comparison 426 BY INSPECTION WITH AGITATION OR ROTATION 427 .Of container contents 428 .Of containers 429 BY MONITORING OF WEBS OR THREAD 430 .For flaws or imperfections 431 ..Including transverse scanning 432 FOR LIGHT TRANSMISSION OR ABSORPTION 433 .By comparison 434 ..Photoelectric (e.g., sequential viewing) 435 ...With plural detectors (e.g., simultaneous viewing) 436 .Of fluent material 437 ..Gas 438 ...Exhaust, dust or smoke 439 ....Contained 440 ..With significant sample holder or supply 441 ..Having particles suspended in liquid 442 ...With light detector 443 .Of photographic film 444 ..With scanning, sweeping, or moving detector over film 445 OF LIGHT REFLECTION (E.G., GLASS) 446 .With diffusion 447 .With modulation (e.g., flicker beam) 448 .By comparison 213 PHOTOMETERS 214 .Pupillary 215 .Integrating 216 .Heat absorbing (e.g., radiometers) 217 .Modulating (e.g., flicker beam) 218 .Photoelectric 219 ..Simultaneous sighting and reading measurement 220 ..Multiple housings 221 ..Responsive to incident or back lighting 222 ..Plural detectors 223 ..Logarithmic 224 ..Multisensitivity rangee 225 ..With predetector light modifier (e.g., diaphragm) 226 ..Detector and indicator electrical coupling (e.g., amplifying or attenuating) 227 ..With particular indicator 228 ...Movable scale (e.g., calibrating) 229 .Comparison 230 ..With light standard 231 ...Variable incandescent standard 232 ...Standard movable 233 .With variable light aperture size 234 .Light absorbing 235 ..Absorber continuously variable (e.g., wedge) 236 .Integrating spheres 237 INSPECTION FOR FLAWS OR IMPERFECTIONS 238 .Cloth or thread inspection 239 .Passing light through a transparent or translucent article 240 ..Containers (e.g., bottles) or contents 241 .Bore inspection (e.g., borescopes) 242 THREAD COUNTING 243 STANDARDS 244 SAMPLE, SPECIMEN, OR STANDARD HOLDER OR SUPPORT (E.G., PLATES OR SLIDES) 245 .Cotton graders 246 .Fluid containers (e.g., cells or cuvettes) 247 FIDUCIAL INSTRUMENTS 248 .Artificial reference 249 ..Liquid surface (e.g., bubble level) 250 ..Pendular suspension of optical element or reticle 251 .Reticle lies outside viewing path 252 ..Reticle image transversely adjustable relative to optical axis 253 .Deflection of line of sight 254 ..Two or more deflections 255 ..By reflection 256 MISCELLANEOUS