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Class Number: 548 Class Title: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES Subclass Subclass Number Title * ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Class 532, Subclass 1) .HETEROCYCLIC CARBON COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A HETERO RING HAVING CHALCOGEN (i.e., O, S, Se, or Te) OR NITROGEN AS THE ONLY RING HETERO ATOMS (Class 260, Subclass 239R) 100 ..Hetero ring is five-membered having two or more ring hetero atoms of which at least one is nitrogen (e.g., selenazoles, etc.) 101 ...Heavy metal or aluminum containing 102 ....Arsenic containing 103 ....The metal is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon is a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring or which carbon is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 104 ....The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, which group is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 105 ....The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 106 ....The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen which chalcogen is attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 107 ....The metal is in an anion and the five-membered hetero ring is in a cation 108 ....Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 109 ....Azide or acyclic nitrogen containing 110 ...Boron or silicon containing 111 ...Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 112 ...Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 113 ....Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 114 .....The polycyclo ring system and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen 115 ....The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same nitrogen 116 ....The five-membered hetero ring and phosphorus are both bonded directly to the same chalcogen 117 .....The five-membered hetero ring contains chalcogen as a ring hetero atom 118 .....The five-membered hetero ring contains at least three ring nitrogens 119 ....The phosphorus is part of a substituent which is attached directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring 120 ...The five-membered hetero ring contains ring selenium and is one of the cyclos in a polycyclo ring system 121 ....Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 122 ...The five-membered hetero ring consists of sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon 123 ...Plural ring sulfurs in the five-membered hetero ring 124 ...Plural ring oxygens in the five-membered hetero ring 125 ...The five-membered hetero ring consists of chalcogen, plural nitrogens, and carbon 126 ....Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 127 ....1,2,3-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 128 ....1,2,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 129 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring 130 ......Nitrogen or additional chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring 131 ....1,2,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 132 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring 133 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the oxadiazole ring by nonionic bonding 134 ....1,2,5-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 135 .....Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding 136 ....1,3,4-thiadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 137 .....Diazole ring attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding 138 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding 139 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding 140 .......Additional nitrogen attached directly to the -C(=X)- group by nonionic bonding 141 ......Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached directly to ring carbon of the thiadiazole ring by nonionic bonding 142 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to the 2- and 5- positions of the thiadiazole ring 143 ....1,3,4-oxadiazoles (including hydrogenated) 144 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxadiazole ring 145 .....Plural carbocyclic rings bonded directly to the oxadiazole ring 146 ...1,3-thiazoles (including hydrogenated) 147 ....Spiro 148 ....Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos 149 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos 150 .....Tricyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos 151 ......At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system 152 .....Bicyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos 153 ......At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system 154 .......Ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos 155 ........Tetramisole per se or salt thereof (including hydrogenated) 156 ......Plural benzothiazoles (including hydrogenated) 157 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 158 ........Plural benzothiazole ring systems bonded directly to chain consisting of plural sulfurs 159 ......Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing 160 ......Polycyclo-carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos 161 ......Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 162 .......The nitrogen is a ring hetero atom 163 .......Carbonyl or thiocarbonyl bonded directly to the nitrogen 164 .......The nitrogen bonded additionally only to hydrogen 165 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 166 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to the chalcogen 167 .......Nitrogen attached directly to the chalcogen by nonionic bonding 168 ........The nitrogen is bonded additionally directly to two carbons 169 .......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 170 ........The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 171 .........Nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 172 ........Nitrogen attached directly to chalcogen by nonionic bonding 173 .......Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 174 .......Sulfur double bonded or thiol bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 175 ........Process of forming the bicyclo ring system 176 .........Aniline or alkyl derivative thereof utilized as starting material 177 ........Purification or recovery 178 ......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 179 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 180 .......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 181 ....Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring nitrogen 182 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 183 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the thiazole ring 184 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 185 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to nitrogen 186 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 187 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 188 .......The -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to the thiazole ring 189 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 190 ....Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 191 .....Plural nitrogens attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 192 ......Nitrogen bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen 193 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 194 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 195 .......The -C(=X)- group is bonded directly to the nitrogen 196 ........Chalcogen or additional nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 197 ......Nitrogen bonded directly to chalcogen 198 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 199 .....The nitrogen is bonded additionally only to hydrogen 200 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the thiazole ring 201 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 202 ....Plural double bonds between ring members of thiazole ring 203 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 204 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 205 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 206 ...1,2-thiazoles (including hydrogenated) 207 ....Polycyclo ring system having the thiazole ring as one of the cyclos 208 .....Ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos of the polycyclo ring system 209 .....Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 210 ......At least three chalcogens bonded directly to the thiazole ring 211 .......Saccharin per se or salt thereof 212 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 213 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the thiazole ring 214 ....Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the thiazole ring by nonionic bonding 215 ...1,3-oxazoles (including hydrogenated) 216 ....Spiro 217 ....Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos 218 .....At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system 219 .....Plural polycyclo ring systems having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos in each of the ring systems 220 ......Plural oxazole-containing polycyclo ring systems each bonded directly to the same polycyclo ring system or the same hetero ring 221 .....Chalcogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring 222 .....Nitrogen bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring 223 .....At least four rings in the polycyclo ring system 224 .....Carbocyclic ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the oxazole ring 225 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring 226 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the oxazole ring 227 ......Chalcogens bonded directly at 2- and 5-positions of the oxazole ring 228 .....Chalcogen bonded directly at 5-position of the oxazole ring 229 .....Chalcogen bonded directly at 2-position of the oxazole ring 230 ......Nitrogen, halogen, or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding 231 ......3-position substituent contains ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation or nitrogen 232 ......4- or 5-position substituent contains chalcogen 233 ....Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring 234 .....Additional ring attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding 235 ....Plural double bonds between the ring members of the oxazole ring 236 .....Cyano or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding 237 ....One double bond between the ring members of the oxazole ring 238 .....2-position substituent contains nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso 239 .....2-position is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only 240 ...1,2-oxazoles (including hydrogenated) 241 ....Polycyclo ring system having the oxazole ring as one of the cyclos 242 .....At least three ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system 243 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring 244 .....Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring 245 ....Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring 246 .....Nitrogen bonded directly to the 3-position of the oxazole ring 247 ....Plural double bonds between ring members of the oxazole ring 248 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding 249 .....4-position substituent contains plural chalcogens, attached indirectly to the oxazole ring by nonionic bonding, none of which is bonded directly to phenyl 250 ...Tetrazoles (including hydrogenated) 251 ....Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding 252 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding 253 .....The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 254 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the tetrazole ring by nonionic bonding 255 ...1,2,3-triazoles (including hydrogenated) 256 ....Polycyclo heterocyclic ring system containing ring oxygen 257 ....Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos 258 .....Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos 259 .....Chalcogen attached directly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 260 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the polycyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 261 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 262.2 ...1,2,4-triazoles (including hydrogenated) 262.4 ....Polycyclo ring system having the triazole ring as one of the cyclos 262.6 ....Having -NH-C(=X)-NHH attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding (wherein X is chalcogen or =NH, and substitution may be made for hydrogen only) 262.8 ....Plural nitrogens attached to the triazole ring indirectly by acyclic nonionic bonding, two of which are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon 263.2 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the triazole ring 263.4 .....Plural chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbons of the triazole ring 263.6 ......The 1- and 2- positions of the triazole ring are unsubstituted, or are alkyl or cycloalkyl substituted only 263.8 .....Halogen or nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding 264.2 .....Carbon bonded directly to the chalcogen 264.4 ......Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the chalcogen by acyclic nonionic bonding 264.6 .....Benzene ring bonded directly to the 4-position of the triazole ring 264.8 ....Nitrogen attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding 265.2 .....Plural nitrogens attached directly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding 265.4 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen 265.6 .....The nitrogen is further bonded to hydrogen only 265.8 ....Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the triazole ring, and directly to the acyclic carbon of a benzoyl or benzyl group 266.2 ....Additional unsaturated hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the triazole ring by nonionic bonding 266.4 .....The additional unsaturated hetero ring is one of the cyclos of a polycyclo ring system (except alkylenedioxyphenyl) 266.6 .....The additional unsaturated hetero ring and the triazole ring are attached to the same acyclic atom or to the same acyclic chain 266.8 ....Cyano or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the triazole ring 267.2 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 267.4 .....The nitrogen is double or triple bonded to carbon 267.6 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen 267.8 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the triaole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 268.2 .....The triazole ring and the chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon 268.4 .....Acyclic carbon bonded directly to triazole ring nitrogen is multiple bonded to an additional carbon 268.6 .....Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the triazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 268.8 ....The triazole ring and a hetero ring whose ring members are carbon and chalcogen are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon 269.2 ....Processes for forming the triazole ring 269.4 ....Benzene ring bonded directly to the triazole ring 300.1 ...1,3-diazoles (including hydrogenated) 300.4 ....Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.) 300.7 ....Spiro 301.1 .....One of the two rings which form the spiro is part of a polycyclo ring system 301.4 .....Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., cyclohexanespiro-5'-(3'-hydroxymethyl) hydantoin, etc.] 301.7 ....Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos 302.1 .....Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one the cyclos 302.4 ......The 1,3-diazole shares ring nitrogen with a five-membered ring having no additional hetero atoms (e.g., imidazo [2,1-a] isoindole, etc.) 302.7 .....Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos 303.1 ......At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., furo- imidazole, (1,2-a) imidazole, pyrazo (1,2-a) imidazolidine, etc.) 303.4 .......Four ring nitrogens in the bicyclo ring system (e.g., glycolurile, etc.) 303.7 .......The other cyclo is a five-membered hetero ring having one sulfur and four carbons (e.g., cis-tetrahydro-2-oxothieno [3,4-d]-imidazoline 4-valeric acid or biotin, etc.) 304.1 ........Having -C(=O)-HN-, wherein substitution may be made for H, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., biotin amide, biotinylglycine, etc.) 304.4 ......The other ring is a benzene ring 304.7 .......Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., methyl( 5-[2-(2-thienyl)-1,3-dioxolan -2-yl]-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate, etc.) 305.1 ........The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system (e.g., benzofuranyl-benzimidazole, etc.) 305.4 .........The additional polycyclo ring system contains a 1,3-diazole [e.g., bis (benzimidazol-2-yl) stilene, etc.] 305.7 ..........The polycyclo ring systems are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain (e.g., di-[2-benzimidazolyl)-methane; di-[benzimidazyl-(2)]-monohydroxyethylene, etc.) 306.1 ........The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 2-(2'-imidazolin-2'-yl)-benzimidazole; 1-p-chlorophenyl-3- pyrrolidin-1'- yl-propyl benzimidazolone, etc.] 306.4 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring 306.7 ........Plural chalcogens attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 307.1 ........The chalcogen is sulfur 307.4 .......Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 307.7 ........Chalcogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding 308.1 ........Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 308.4 .........Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 308.7 ........Having -C(=X)-X-, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 309.1 .........Chalcogen bonded directly to the benzene ring of the bicyclo ring system 309.4 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 309.7 .......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 310.1 .......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 310.4 .......Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 310.7 .......Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2- position of the diazole ring 311.1 ....Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl methyl-imidazole, etc.) 311.4 .....The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system [e.g., 2-(1-isothiochromanyl)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride, etc.] 311.7 ......At least two ring hetero atoms in the polycyclo ring system 312.1 ......The additional polycyclo ring system is a bicyclo ring system having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(indolyl-3-methylene)- hydantoin, etc.] 312.4 .....The additional hetero ring is a diazole ring (including hydrogenated) 312.7 ......Plural 1,3-diazoles 313.1 .......Additional diverse hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to a diazole ring by nonionic bonding 313.4 .......The diazole rings are bonded directly to each other 313.7 .......Ring nitrogens of two diazole rings attached directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring, by nonionic bonding 314.1 ........Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of each of the two diazole rings (e.g., N, N' methylene bis -hydantoin, etc.) 314.4 .......Two diazole rings are bonded directly to the same carbon atom or carbon chain, which chain may include a ring 314.7 .....The additional hetero ring contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., N-(cyclopentylcarbonyl-L-histidyl)-pyrrolidine, etc.] 315.1 .....The additional hetero ring contains sulfur as the only ring hetero atom [e.g., 5-(2-thienyl) hydantoin, etc.] 315.4 .....The additional hetero ring is a five-membered ring having oxygen and four carbons (e.g., pilocarpine; 2-[5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-furyl]imidazole hydrochloride, etc.) 315.7 ......Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the 1,3-diazole ring 316.1 .......Plural acyclic chalcogens bonded directly at the 2- and at the 4- or 5- positions of the 1,3-diazole ring [e.g., N-(5-nitro-2-furfuryliden)-1- amino-hydantoin, etc.] 316.4 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring (e.g., N-vinyl-N, N'ethylene urea, etc.) 316.7 .....Additional chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 317.1 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring 317.5 ......Three chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the diazole ring 318.1 ......Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding [e.g., (2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea or allantoin, etc.] 318.5 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 319.1 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 319.5 .......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 320.1 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 320.5 ......Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 321.1 ......Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 321.5 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 322.1 ......The nitrogen is attached directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., dinitroethylene urea, etc.) 322.5 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 323.1 ......Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 323.5 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 324.1 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 324.5 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 325.1 .....The chalcogen is sulfur or selenium (e.g., 2-mercaptoimidazoline, ethylenethiourea, etc.) 325.5 .....Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 326.1 .....The diazole ring is further unsubstituted (e.g., cyclic ethylene urea, etc.) 326.5 ....Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 327.1 .....The nitrogen is part of a nitro group (i.e., -NO ), (e.g., 5-nitroimidazole, etc.) 327.5 ......The nitro group is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring 328.1 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 328.5 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 329.1 .......The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon 329.5 ......Benzene ring bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring 330.1 ......Chalcogen, not part of a nitro group, attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 330.5 .......The chalcogen is sulfur 331.1 .....Chalcogen or the nitrogen attached directly to diazole ring nitrogen by nonionic bonding 331.5 .....The nitrogen is bonded directly at the 2-position of the diazole ring 332.1 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 332.5 ......Chalcogen, additional nitrogen, or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen or nitrogen, attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding 333.1 ......Benzene ring bonded directly to the nitrogen 333.5 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the diazole ring 334.1 .....The -C(=X)- is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring 334.5 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., imidazole- 4,5-dicarboxylic acid, etc.) 335.1 ....Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazole) 335.5 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 336.1 ......The nitrogen is multiply bonded to carbon 336.5 .......Having a -C=N group bonded directly to the nitrogen (e.g., N-cyano-N'- methyl-N~-{2-(4-methyl-5-imidazolyl)-methylthio]-ethyl}g nidine, etc.) 337.1 .......The nitrogen is part of a -C=N group which is bonded directly to the diazole ring (e.g., 4,5-dicyanoimidazole, etc.) 338.1 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen 338.5 .......The chalcogen is sulfur or sulfur attached indirectly to the -C(=X)- group by acyclic nonionic bonding 339.1 ......The nitrogen and -C(=X)X-, wherein X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon atom (e.g., -amino-4(5)- imidazole propionic acid or histidine, etc.) 339.5 .......Halogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 340.1 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding 341.1 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 341.5 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 342.1 ......The chalcogen is sulfur 342.5 ......Benzene ring or halogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 1-hydroxyethyl-4,5-diphenyl-imidazole; 1-ethyloxymethyl-2, 4,5-trichloro-imidazole, etc.) 343.1 .....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 343.5 .....Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 344.1 .....The diazole ring and two benzene rings are bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon 345.1 .....Cycloaliphatic ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 346.1 .....Benzene ring attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 347.1 ....One double bond between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., imidazoline) 348.1 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 349.1 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 350.1 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., hydroxyalkyl glyoxalidine, etc.) 351.1 ......The chalcogen is sulfur 352.1 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)X- group, wherein X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 353.1 ......Benzene ring bonded directly to the chalcogen [e.g., 2-(3- aminophenoxymethyl)imidazoline, etc.] 354.1 .....Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 355.1 .....Benzene ring and the diazole ring are bonded to the same acyclic carbon atom or carbon chain 356.1 ...1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated) 356.5 ....Polycyclo ring system containing anthracene configured ring system having at least one double bond between ring members and having oxygen single bonded or any atom double bonded directly at the 9- or 10- positions (e.g., anthrone, anthraquinone, etc.) 357.1 .....Additional polycyclo ring system having at least three cyclos attached directly or indirectly to the anthrone or anthraquinone by nonionic bonding 357.5 ....Spiro 358.1 ....Polycyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos 358.5 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos 359.1 .....Tricyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos 359.5 ......At least three ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system 360.1 .....Bicyclo ring system having the diazole ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., 2, 4-dichloro-5-nitrophenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-indazole, etc.) 360.5 ......At least three ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system 361.1 ......The other ring is a benzene ring 361.5 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring 362.1 .......Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 362.5 .......Having chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 363.1 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring 364.1 ....Additional hetero ring attached directly or indirectly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 364.4 .....The additional hetero ring is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system 364.7 ......The polycyclo ring system contains nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom 365.1 .....Plural 1,2-diazoles (including hydrogenated) 365.4 ......Two diazole rings are bonded directly to each other, to the same acyclic carbon atom or to the same acyclic carbon chain 365.7 .....The additional hetero ring contains chalcogen as the only ring hetero atom 366.1 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the diazole ring 366.4 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to diazole ring carbons 366.7 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 367.1 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 367.4 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 367.7 ......The nitrogen is multiply bonded to acyclic carbon or is bonded to nitrogen of the diazole ring 368.1 ......Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., 5- (2-carbethoxyphenoxy)-1,3-dimethyl-4-nitropyrazole, etc.] 368.4 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen 368.7 ......The nitrogen and the chalcogen are directly bonded to non-adjacent carbons of the diazole ring (e.g., pyrazolone imide or imino pyrazolone, etc.) 369.1 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the nitrogen by acyclic nonionic bonding 369.4 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring 369.7 ......Acyclic nitrogen or chalcogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 370.1 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 370.4 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 370.7 .....The chalcogen is bonded directly at the 4-position of the diazole ring 371.1 .....Benzene ring is bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the diazole ring (e.g., 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; antipyrine, etc.) 371.4 ....Nitrogen attached directly to the diazole ring by nonionic bonding 371.7 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 372.1 .....Chalcogen attached directly to the nitrogen by nonionic bonding [e.g., N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitropyrazole, etc.] 372.5 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding [e.g., 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-amino-4(para-chlorophenyl)-pyrazole, etc.] 373.1 ....Two double bonds between ring members of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazole) 374.1 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen bonded directly to the diazole ring 375.1 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 376.1 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 377.1 .....Benzene ring bonded directly to the diazole ring 379.1 ....One double bond between ring memebers of the diazole ring (i.e., pyrazoline) 379.4 .....Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the diazole ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 379.7 .....Plural benzene rings bonded directly to the diazole ring 400 ..Hetero ring is five-membered consisting of one nitrogen and four carbons (e.g., halopyrrolidines, etc.) 401 ...With preservative or stabilizer 402 ...Heavy metal or aluminum containing 403 ....The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen, which chalcogen is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding pyrazole ring carbon 404 ....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.) 405 ...Boron containing 406 ...Silicon containing 407 ...Spiro 408 ....The spiro includes the five-membered hetero ring 409 .....Both rings which form the spiro are hetero rings 410 ......Acyclic chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered nitrogen containing spiro hetero ring by nonionic bonding 411 .....Polycyclo ring system having one of the two rings which form the spiro as one of the cyclos 412 ...Phosphorus attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 413 ...Phosphorus attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 414 ....Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 415 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring 416 ...Polycyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 417 ....The polycyclo ring system has at least six cyclos, and has either a ring carbon that is shared by three of the cyclos or has a ring chalcogen 418 ....Pentacyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 419 .....Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.) 420 ....Tetracyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 421 .....Plural ring hetero atoms in the tetracyclo ring system 422 ......Three-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system (e.g., mitomycin C, etc.) 423 ......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.) 424 .....Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members, or a ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., bridged, peri-fused, etc.) 425 ......Benzene ring is cyclo in the tetracyclo ring system 426 .....The five-membered hetero ring shares ring members with one other cyclo only 427 ....Tricyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos 428 .....Ring nitrogen is shared by two of the cyclos 429 .....Plural ring hetero atoms in the tricyclo ring system 430 ......Ring chalcogen in the tricyclo ring system 431 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.) 432 .......Pyrano(3,4-b)indoles or thiopyrano(3,4-b) indoles (including hydrogenated) 433 ......The tricyclo ring system consists of a benzene ring which shares ring carbons with two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., pyromellitic diimide, etc.) 434 .....Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 435 ......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, etc.) 436 .....A ring carbon is shared by three of the cyclos (e.g., peri-fused, etc.) 437 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., naphthostyril, etc.) 438 ......Benzene ring, which is not a cyclo in the tricyclo ring system, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring 439 .....The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two carbocyclic rings (e.g., tetrahydrocarbazoles, etc.) 440 ......The five-membered hetero ring shares ring carbons with two benzene rings (i.e., carbazoles) 441 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system (e.g., carbazole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.) 442 .......One of the benzene rings and an additional carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the same acyclic nitrogen 443 .......Azido or sulfonyl attached directly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., carbazole sulfonic acid, etc.) 444 .......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the tricyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding 445 .......The tricyclo ring system is unsubstituted or is hydrocarbyl substituted only (e.g., N-vinyl carbazole, etc.) 446 ........Carbazole per se or alkyl substituted only 447 .........Processes of forming by cyclization or alkylation 448 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the tricyclo ring system (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydrocarbazole -3 carboxylic acid, etc.) 449 ......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 450 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.) 451 ......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., cyclic imides, naphthisatins, etc.) 452 ....Bicyclo ring system having the five-membered hetero ring as one of the cyclos (e.g., octahydroindoles, etc.) 453 .....Plural ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system, or ring nitrogen is shared by the two cyclos of the bicyclo ring system 454 .....Additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 455 ......The additional polycyclo ring system includes a five-membered nitrogen containing hetero ring 456 .......Lactone ring containing (e.g., 3,3-bisindolyl phthalides, etc.) 457 .......Ring carbon of one of the five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to ring carbon of the other (e.g., indigo dyes, etc.) 458 ........By a single bond (e.g., leuco indigo, etc.) 459 ........Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding (e.g., dibromoindigo, etc.) 460 .......Ring carbon of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen or nitrogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same nitrogen atom or to different nitrogen atoms, etc.) 461 ........Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two five membered hetero rings (e.g., bisphthalimides, etc.) 462 .........The ring nitrogen of each of the two five-membered hetero rings is bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring (e.g., N,N'-ethylene-bisphthalimide, etc.) 463 ......The additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system has a lactone ring as one of the cyclos 464 ......Ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the hetero ring which is a cyclo in the additional polycyclo heterocyclic ring system (e.g., indigoid dyes, etc.) 465 .....Additional hetero ring, attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 466 ......The additional hetero ring is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system 467 ......Substituent on ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system contains the additional hetero ring 468 .......The additional hetero ring and the bicyclo ring system are attached directly to the same acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain 469 .....The bicyclo ring system consists of the five-membered hetero ring and a benzene ring (e.g., indole, etc.) 470 ......The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (i.e., isoindoles or isoindolenines) 471 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring 472 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimidines, etc.) 473 ........Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., phthalimides, etc.) 474 .........Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos 475 .........Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 476 .........Benzene ring bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero 477 .........Nitrogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 478 .........Chalcogen attached indirectly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 479 ..........The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group (e.g., beta - phthalimidopropionaldehyde, etc.) 480 .........The ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only 481 ..........Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding 482 .......The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., isoindolines) 483 ......Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 2-amino indoles, etc.) 484 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 3-indolols, etc.) 485 .......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., isatins, etc.) 486 .......The chalcogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-indolinones, etc.) 487 ........Two benzene rings bonded directly to the same ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring 488 .......Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system bonded direcly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indol-alpha-naphtholindigo, etc.) 489 .......Process of forming the bicyclo ring system directly from reactant which contains acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to a benzene ring (e.g., indoxyl from phenylglycine, etc.) 490 ......The five-membered hetero ring contains one double bond only (i.e., indolines) 491 .......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 492 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indole-2-carboxylic acids, etc.) 493 .......Hydrogen or additional carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group (e.g., aldehydes,ketones, etc.) 494 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by an acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain (e.g., indole-3-acetic acid, etc.) 495 .......Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain 496 ........The acyclic carbon or acyclic carbon chain is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., tryptophane, etc.) 497 .........Processes 498 ..........Racemization or optical resolution 499 ..........Preparing from hydantoins or proteins 500 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., indomethacin, etc.) 501 ........Processes 502 .......Processes 503 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding 504 .......Nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., tryptamine, etc.) 505 ........The nitrogen is double or triple bonded directly to carbon 506 ........Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring 507 ........Chalcogen or additional nitrogen attached indirectly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 508 ......Processes of forming the bicyclo ring system by cyclization (e.g., forming indole from o-ethyl aniline, etc.) 509 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by acyclic nonionic bonding 510 .......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 511 ......Benzene ring bonded directly or attached indirectly by an acyclic carbon or an acyclic carbon chain to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring 512 .....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., adrenochrome, etc.) 513 ......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., imides, etc.) 514 .......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 515 .....The ring nitrogen is bonded directly to two ring carbons of the same cyclo which carbons are members of one cyclo only (e.g., cyclopenta(c)pyrroles, etc.) 516 .....Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroindoles, etc.) 517 ...Additional hetero ring, which is attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 518 ....The additional hetero ring also contains nitrogen 519 .....Ring carbon of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings is bonded directly to chalcogen (e.g., both rings may be bonded to the same oxygen atom or to different oxygen atoms, etc.) 520 ......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to ring carbons of each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-succinimides, etc.) 521 .......Double bond between ring carbons in each of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings (e.g., bis-maleimides, etc.) 522 ........Processes 523 .....Ring nitrogens of the two nitrogen containing hetero rings are bonded directly to the same atom or chain, which chain may include a ring 524 ......The atom is carbon or the chain consists of carbons 525 ....Polycyclo ring system which includes ring chalcogen 526 .....Plural ring chalcogens in the polycyclo ring sytem (e.g., methylenedioxyphenyl containing, etc.) 527 ....Sulfur containing hetero ring 528 ...Polycyclo carbocyclic ring system having at least three cyclos 529 ....Attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring 530 ...Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the five membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole carbonyl halides, pyrrole carboxaldehyde, etc.) 531 ....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, etc.) 532 .....And is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 4-hydroxy proline, etc.) 533 ......Additional -C(=X) bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., N n-butyryl-L-proline, etc.) 534 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone-5 carboxylic acid, etc.) 535 ......The five-membered hetero ring is further unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., proline, etc.) 536 .....Additional -C(=X)- bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., pyrrole-3,4-dicarboxylic acid esters, etc.) 537 ....Acyclic nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 4,5-dihalopyrrole -2 carboxamides, etc.) 538 .....The -C(=X)- is bonded directly to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., 1-pyrrolidine carboxanilides, etc.) 539 ....Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 3-benzoyl pyrrolidine, etc.) 540 ....Acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., N-oleoylpyrrolidine, etc.) 541 ...Chalcogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinols, etc.) 542 ....Chalcogen attached directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding (e.g., pyrrolidine-N-oxides, etc.) 543 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2-pyrrolidones, etc.) 544 .....And chalcogen bonded directly to a ring carbon of the five membered hetero ring which is not adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., 2,4 pyrrolidinediones, etc.) 545 .....And chalcogen bonded directly to the other ring carbon of the five-membered hetero ring which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen (e.g., succinimide, etc.) 546 ......Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 547 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 548 ......Carbon to carbon unsaturation between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., maleimide, etc.) 549 .......Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., N-phenylmaleimide, etc.) 550 .....Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 551 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 552 .....Processes of forming 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl or alkenyl substituted only 553 ......Directly from a cyano containing compound (e.g., from succinonitrile, etc.) 554 ......Directly from a -COO- containing compound (e.g., from methyl acrylate, etc.) 555 .....Purification or recovery of 2-pyrrolidone which is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only 556 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (e.g., 4-hydroxy -3-pyrrolidinemethanol, etc.) 557 ...Nitrogen attached directly to the five-membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 558 ....The nitrogen is bonded directly to a ring carbon which is adjacent to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring 559 .....Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the nitrogen 560 ...Two double bonds between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring 561 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 562 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 563 ....Benzene ring bonded directly to ring nitrogen of the five -membered hetero ring 564 ....The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrole, etc.) 565 ...One double bond between ring members of the five-membered hetero ring (i.e., pyrrolines) 566 ...Nitrogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 567 ....The nitrogen is bonded directly to -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen (e.g., 2 benzamidomethyl - pyrrolidines, etc.) 568 .....Hydrogen or acyclic carbon bonded directly to the -C(=X)- (e.g., 2 pyrrolidine acrylamide, etc.) 569 ....The nitrogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring 570 ...Chalcogen attached indirectly to the five-membered hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 571 ....The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group (e.g., 1-phenyl -2-pyrrolidino hexanone-1, etc.) 572 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., 3-pyrrolidinemethanol propionates, etc.) 573 ......The -C(=X)X- group is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring (e.g., beta-pyrrolidyl ethyl ester of benzoic acid, etc.) 574 ....The chalcogen is in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring 575 .....Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the chalcogen 576 ......The substituent on the ring nitrogen of the five-membered hetero ring contains a bicyclo carbocyclic ring system 577 ...Benzene ring bonded directly to the five-membered hetero ring 578 ...Benzene ring in a substituent attached to the ring nitrogen of the five membered hetero ring by nonionic bonding 579 ...The five-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or is alkyl substituted only (e.g., pyrrolidine, etc.) 950 ..The hetero ring contains four members including nitrogen and carbon 951 ...Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring 952 ...Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the hetero ring 953 ...Nitrogen or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 954 ..Hetero ring is three-membered including nitrogen and carbon 955 ...Heavy metal, boron or silicon containing 956 ...Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 957 ....Plural phosphori 958 ...Spiro 959 ...Plural hetero atoms in the hetero ring 960 ....Plural nitrogens in the hetero ring 961 ...Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 962 ...Additional hetero ring containing 963 ....Plural three-membered nitrogen containing hetero rings bonded directly to the same ring 964 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, in chain between the hetero rings 965 ...Chalcogen, nitrogen or halogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 966 ...Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 967 ...Nitrogen, other than as nitro or nitroso, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 968 ...Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 969 ...The three-membered hetero ring is unsubstituted or alkyl substituted only