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Class Number: 549 Class Title: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS -- PART OF THE CLASS 532-570 SERIES Subclass Subclass Number Title * ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (Class 532, Subclass 1) .HETEROCYCLIC CARBON COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A HETERO RING HAVING CHALCOGEN (i.e., O, S, Se, or Te) OR NITROGEN AS THE ONLY RING HETERO ATOMS (Class 260, Subclass 239R) 1 ..Sulfur containing hetero ring (e.g., thiiranes, etc.) 2 ...With preservative or stabilizer 3 ...Heavy metal or aluminum containing 4 ...Boron or silicon containing 5 ...Phosphorus attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 6 ....The hetero ring is five-membered 7 .....Plural ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 8 .....Four chalcogens bonded directly to the same phosphorus 9 ...The hetero ring has at least seven members 10 ....Plural ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 11 .....Plural ring sulfurs in the hetero ring 12 ....Polycyclo ring system having at least three cyclos and having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 13 ...The hetero ring is six-membered 14 ....Plural ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 15 .....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 16 ......Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 17 .......Plural ring sulfurs in the hetero ring 18 .....Three or more ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 19 ......Plural ring sulfurs in the hetero ring 20 .....Two ring sulfurs in the hetero ring 21 ......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 22 ......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 23 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 24 .....The polycyclo ring system has at least four cyclos 25 ......Chalcogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 26 .....Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 27 ......Chalcogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 28 ....Chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 29 ...The hetero ring is five-membered 30 ....Plural ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 31 .....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 32 ......Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 33 .......Chalcogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 34 .....Three or more ring hetero atoms in the hetero ringg 35 .....Two ring sulfurs in the hetero ring 36 ......Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the hetero ring 37 .......Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 38 ......Nitrogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 39 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 40 .....Chalcogen attached directly to ring sulfur of the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 41 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 42 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 43 .....Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 44 ......Chalcogen attached directly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 45 .......Chalcogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 46 ........Chalcogen attached directly to ring sulfur of the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 47 ........Halogen attached directly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 48 .......Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 49 .....Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 50 ......Plural ring hetero atoms in the bicyclo ring system 51 ......Chalcogen attached directly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 52 .......Chalcogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 53 ........Chalcogen attached directly to ring sulfur of the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 54 ........Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 55 ........Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 56 ........Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 57 ......Nitrogen or a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 58 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 59 ....Additional hetero ring containing 60 .....Ring oxygen in the additional hetero ring 61 ....Cyano bonded directly to the hetero ring 62 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to ring carbon of the hetero ring 63 .....Nitrogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 64 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 65 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 66 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring byy nonionic bonding 67 .....Chalcogen attached directly to ring sulfur of the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 68 ....Nitrogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 69 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the nitrogen 70 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 71 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 72 .....Nitrogen or chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 73 .....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 74 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 75 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 76 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 77 .......Unsaturated carbocyclic ring or acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation containing 78 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 79 .....The chalcogen, X, is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 80 ....Unsaturated carbocyclic ring or acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation containing 81 ....Halogen attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 82 .....Three or more halogens attached directly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 83 ....The compound consists of the ring sulfur, carbon, and hydrogen 84 .....Process of forming the hetero ring from acyclic reactants only 85 ......Metal containing catalyst utilized 86 .....Process of alkylating the hetero ring 87 ....Plural chalcogens double bonded directly to ring sulfur of the hetero ring 88 ...The hetero ring is four-membered 89 ....Plural ring hetero atoms in the hetero ring 90 ...The hetero ring is three-membered and has chalcogen or nitrogen attached directly or indirectly thereto by nonionic bonding 200 ..Oxygen containing hetero ring (e.g., dioxirane, etc.) 201 ...With preservative or stabilizer 202 ....Oxirane containing compound with preservative or stabilizer 203 ....Cyclic anhydride containing compound with preservative or stabilizer 204 ....Lactone containing compound with preservative or stabilizer 205 ....Compound in which the hetero ring is five-membered with preservative or stabilizer 206 ...Heavy metal or aluminum containing 207 ....Arsenic containing 208 ....The hetero ring has three members or at least seven members 209 ....The metal is bonded directly to carbon, which carbon is a ring carbon of the hetero ring or which carbon is attachedd directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 210 ....The metal is bonded directly to chalcogen, which chalcogen is attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 211 .....The chalcogen, X, is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 212 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 213 ...Boron containing 214 ...Silicon containing 215 ....Oxirane ring containing 216 ...Phosphorus bonded directly to the hetero ring 217 ....Oxirane ring containing 218 ...Phosphorus attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 219 ....Oxirane ring containing 220 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 221 ....Plural ring oxygens in the hetero ring 222 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 223 ...Xanthene ring system having a benzene ring bonded directly thereto para to the xanthene ring oxygen, wherein the carbon of a -COO- group is bonded directly to the benzene ring ortho to its position of attachment to the xanthene ring system, and spirolactone derivatives thereof (e.g., fluoresceins, chlorofluorans, etc.) 224 ....The xanthene ring system is three cyclos of a polycyclo ring system having at least four rings (e.g., benz(c)fluorans, etc.) 225 ....Nitrogen bonded directly to the xanthene ring system (e.g., rhodols, aminofluorans, etc.) 226 .....Plural nitrogens bonded directly to the xanthene ring system (e.g., 2,6 diaminofluorans, etc.) 227 ......Rhodamines 228 ...The hetero ring contains -O-C(=X)-O- as part of its structure, wherein X is chalcogen (e.g., cyclic carbonates, etc.) 229 ....The hetero ring is five-membered 230 .....The five-membered hetero ring, except for the =X to the ring, is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only 231 ...Cyclic anhydrides (i.e., -C(=X)OC(=X)-, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, is part of the hetero ring) 232 ....The cyclic anhydride has at least six members and is a cyclo in a polycyclo ring system 233 ....The cyclic anhydride is five-membered (e.g., succinic anhydride, etc.) 234 .....Polycyclo ring system having the cyclic anhydride as one of the cyclos 235 ......Tetracyclo ring system having the cyclic anhydride as one of the cyclos 236 ......Tricyclo ring system having the cyclic anhydride as one of the cyclos 237 .......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 238 ........Halogen bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system 239 .......Plural ring oxygens in the tricyclo ring system 240 ......Bicyclo ring system having the cyclic anhydride as one off the cyclos 241 .......Plural bicyclo ring systems each having the cyclic anhydride as one of the cyclos 242 ........Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to at least one of the bicyclo ring systems 243 .......Nitrogen or additional chalcogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 244 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 245 ........The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)XH group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, or salt thereof (e.g., trimellitic anhydride, etc.) 246 .......Halogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 247 .......Phthalic anhydride per se 248 ........Preparing by oxidation 249 .........Fluidized catalyst 250 ........Purification or recovery 251 .........By chemical reaction of impurity in presence of added chemical substance 252 .....Plural hetero rings 253 .....Nitrogen or additional chalcogen attached directly or indirectly to the cyclic anhydride by nonionic bonding 254 .....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the cyclic anhydride by nonionic bonding 255 .....Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation bonded directly to the cyclic anhydride 256 .....Preparing by oxidation 257 ......Of benzene or hydrocarbyl substituted benzene 258 ......Of acyclic or alicyclic hydrocarbon 259 .......Vanadium and phosphorus, in compound or elemental form, utilized 260 ........Additional heavy metal, other than titanium, utilized 261 .....Double bond between ring members of the cyclic anhydride 262 ......Maleic anhydride per se 263 ...Lactones (i.e., -C(=X)O-, wherein X is chalcogen, is part of the hetero ring) 264 ....Spiro 265 .....The spiro includes the lactone ring 266 ....The lactone ring has at least seven members 267 .....Plural ring oxygens in the lactone ring 268 .....Polycyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 269 ......Bicyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 270 .......Additional acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to the lactone ring (e.g., zearalanone, etc.) 271 .....Additional chalcogen attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 272 .....Preparing from a cyclic ketone (i.e., a ketone where the carbonyl is part of a ring) 273 ....The lactone ring is six-membered 274 .....Plural ring oxygens in the lactone ring 275 .....Polycyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 276 ......Tetracyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 277 .......The tetracyclo ring system consists of four six-membered cycloss 278 ........At least two additional chalcogens bonded directly to the tetracyclo ring system 279 .......Ring oxygen bonded directly to ring carbon which is a member of two cyclos in the tetracyclo ring system 280 ......Tricyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 281 .......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members or ring carbon is shared by the three cyclos (e.g., bridged or peri compounds, etc.) 282 .......Plural ring oxygens in the tricyclo ring system 283 ......Bicyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 284 .......Plural bicyclo ring systems each having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 285 .......Additional acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to the lactone ring 286 ........Benzene ring and the lactone ring bonded directly to the same acyclic carbon 287 .......Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the lactone ring 288 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 289 .......The other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system is a six-membered carbocyclic ring to which chalcogen is directly attached 290 .......The bicyclo lactone consists of two six-membered rings and is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only 291 .....Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the lactone ring 292 .....Additional chalcogen bonded directly to the lactone ring 293 .....Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 294 .....Double bond between ring members of the lactone ring 295 ....The lactone ring is five-membered 296 .....Plural ring oxygens in the lactone ring 297 .....Polycyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 298 ......Tetracyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 299 ......Tricyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 300 .......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members or ring carbon is shared by the three cyclos (e.g., bridged or peri compounds, etc.) 301 .......The tricyclo ring system consists of the lactone ring, a five-membered carbocyclic ring, and a three-membered carbocyclic ring 302 ......Bicyclo ring system having the lactone ring as one of the cyclos 303 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to the lactone ring 304 .......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the lactone ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 305 .......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the lactone ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 306 .......Plural ring oxygens in the bicyclo ring system 307 .......The other cyclo of the bicyclo ring system is benzene (e.g., phthalides, etc.) 308 ........Two carbocyclic rings bonded directly to the same ring atom of the lactone ringg 309 .........Nitrogen bonded directly to each of the carbocyclic rings 310 ........Additional chalcogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 311 .......The bicyclo ring system consists of two five-membered rings 312 ........Acyclic carbon chain containing carbon to carbon unsaturation attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 313 .....Additional chalcogen bonded directly to the lactone ring 314 ......At least two additional chalcogens bonded directly to the lactone ring 315 .......Double bond between ring members of the lactone ring or chalcogen double bonded directly at the 3- or 4-position of the lactone ring (e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.) 316 ........Amine addition salts 317 ........Sulfur or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to acyclic chalcogen 318 ......Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 319 ......Plural alkyl groups bonded directly to the same ring carbon of the lactone ring (e.g., pantolactone, etc.) 320 .....Plural hetero rings 321 .....Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 322 .....Having -C(=X), wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the lactone ring 323 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 324 .....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the lactone ring by nonionic bonding 325 .....Preparing by hydrogenation of cyclic anhydrides 326 .....Preparing from compound containing -COO- group 327 ....Acyclic carbon double bonded directly to a ring carbon of a four-membered lactone ring 328 ....Four-membered lactone ring formed 329 .....From a ketene (HCH=C=O, wherein H may be substituted) 330 ...Spiro 331 ....The spiro includes a hetero ring 332 .....The spiro includes a three- or four-membered hetero ring 333 .....Plural ring oxygens in a spiro hetero ring 334 ......Both rings which form the spiro are hetero rings 335 .......Two six-membered hetero rings, which each contain plural ring oxygens, form the spiro (e.g., spirobi-(meta-dioxane), etc.) 336 ......Polycyclo ring system having one of the two rings which form the spiro as one of the cyclos 337 .......Additional hetero ring containing 338 ........Plural five-membered hetero rings 339 .......Spiro ring is a cyclo in a tricyclo-carbocyclic ring system 340 ........Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, containing 341 ......The spiro hetero ring is five-membered 342 .......Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, containing 343 .....Both rings which form the spiro are hetero rings 344 ......Polycyclo ring system having one of the two hetero rings which form the spiro as one of the cyclos 345 .....Bicyclo ring system having the spiro hetero ring as one off the cyclos (e.g., griseofulvin, etc.) 346 ...The hetero ring has at least seven members 347 ....Plural ring oxygens in the hetero ring 348 .....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 349 ......Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 350 ......Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 351 .......Three or more ring oxygens in the bicyclo ring system 352 .....Three or more ring oxygens in the hetero ring 353 ......Exactly four oxygens in the hetero ring 354 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 355 .....Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 356 ...The hetero ring is six-membered 357 ....Plural ring oxygens in the hetero ring (e.g., 1,2-dioxin, etc.) 358 .....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 359 ......Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 360 .......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 361 .......Three or more ring oxygens in the tricyclo ring system (e.g., actinospectacin, etc.) 362 ......Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 363 .......The two cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 364 .......Three or more ring oxygens in the bicyclo ring system 365 .......The ring oxygens are in the 1,2- or 1,3-positions of the hetero ring 366 .......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 367 .....Three or more ring oxygens in the hetero ring 368 ......Trioxane per se 369 .....The ring oxygens are in the 1,3-positions of the hetero ring (e.g., 1,3 dioxane, etc.) 370 ......Plural hetero rings 371 ......Nitrogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 372 ......Chalcogen or -C(=X), wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 373 ......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 374 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 375 .......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 376 ......Preparing by reacting an aldehyde with a compound containing acyclic carbon to carbon unsaturation 377 .....The ring oxygens are in the 1,4-positions of the hetero ring (e.g., 1,4 dioxane, etc.) 378 ......Chalcogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 379 .......Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the hetero ring 380 ......Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bondingg 381 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 382 .....Pentacyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 383 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 384 ......The tetracyclo ring system consists of four six-membered cyclos 385 .....Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 386 ......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members or ring carbon is shared by the three cyclos (e.g., bridged or peri compounds, etc.) 387 ......Plural ring oxygens in the tricyclo ring system 388 ......The tricyclo ring system consists of three six-membered cyclos (e.g., xanthene, etc.) 389 .......Naphtho-pyrans (including hydrogenated) 390 .......Dibenzo(b,d)pyrans (including hydrogenated) 391 ........Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system 392 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 393 ........Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system 394 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to the tricyclo ring system 395 ......Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 396 .....Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 397 ......The two cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 398 ......The bicyclo ring system consists of the hetero ring and a six-membered carbocyclic ring 399 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 400 ........Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the hetero ring 401 ........Chalcogen bonded directly to the ring carbon para to the ring oxygen (e.g., chromones, etc.) 402 .........Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 403 .........Benzene ring bonded directly to the hetero ring (e.g., flavones, etc.) 404 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 405 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 406 .......Carbocyclic ring bonded directly to the hetero ring of the bicyclo ring system (e.g., flavanes, etc.) 407 .......Chalcogen or nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 408 .......Chalcogen bonded directly to the carbocyclic ring of the bicyclo ring system (e.g., tocopherols, etc.) 409 ........Chalcogen double bonded or plural chalcogens bonded directly to the carbocyclic ring (e.g., coenzyme Q, etc.) 410 ........Chalcogen of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, bonded directly to the carbocyclic ring of the bicyclo ring system (e.g., tocopherol esters, etc.) 411 ........Preparing from 1,4-di-oxygen substituted carbocyclic ring (e.g., of p benzoquinones, p-hydroquinones, etc.) 412 ........Processes for chemical modification of substituents onn the carbocyclic ring of the bicyclo ring system (e.g., alkylation of tocopherols, etc.) 413 ........Purification or recovery 414 ....Plural hetero rings 415 .....Plural six-membered hetero rings 416 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 417 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the hetero ring 418 ......Hydroxy bonded directly at the 3-position and oxygen double bonded directly at the 4-position of the hetero ring (H of -OH may be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium ion or a Group IA or IIA light metal) 419 .....Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 420 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 421 .....Alicyclic ring bonded directly to the chalcogen 422 .....Five-membered carbocyclic ring having the hetero ring as part of one substituent and -COO- as part of another substituent (e.g., prostaglandin intermediates, etc.) 423 .....Hydroxy or halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding (H of -OH may be replaced by a substituted or unsubstituted ammonium ion or a Group IA or IIA light metal) 424 ....Nitrogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 425 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 426 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 427 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 428 ....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 429 ...The hetero ring is five-membered 430 ....Plural ring oxygens in the hetero ring 431 .....Three or more ring oxygens in the hetero ring (e.g., ozonides, etc.) 432 .....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 433 ......Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 434 ......Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 435 .......Plural hetero rings 436 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 437 .......Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 438 ........Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 439 .......Nitrogen bonded directly to the bicyclo ring system 440 .......Nitrogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 441 ........The nitrogen is bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen 442 ........The nitrogen is attached directly to carbon by a doublee or triple bond 443 ........Chalcogen attached indirectly to the bicyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 444 .........The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 445 .......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the ring system by nonionic bonding 446 ........The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 447 .........The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 448 .....Plural hetero rings 449 .....Nitrogen or chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 450 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 451 .....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 452 ......The nitrogen is bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen 453 .....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 454 ......The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 455 .....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 456 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 457 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 458 .....Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 459 ......Two of the cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 460 ......Dibenzofurans (including hydrogenated) 461 .......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the tricyclo ring system by nonionic bonding 462 .....Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 463 ......The two cyclos share at least three ring members (i.e., bridged) 464 ......Plural ring oxygens in the bicyclo ring system 465 ......The bicyclo ring system consists of two five-membered cyclos 466 ......Acyclic chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 467 ......Nitrogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 468 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 469 ......Benzene ring bonded directly to the hetero ring 470 ......Chalcogen of -C(=X)X-, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens, bonded directly to the carbocyclic ring of the bicyclo ring system 471 ......Plural double bonds between ring members of the hetero ring 472 ....Plural hetero rings 473 .....Acyclic -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 474 ....Cyano bonded directly to the hetero ring 475 ....Chalcogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 476 .....Plural chalcogens bonded directly to the hetero ringg 477 ......Chalcogen double bonded directly to the hetero ring 478 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 479 .....Double bond between ring members of the hetero ring 480 ....Nitrogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 481 .....Nitro bonded directly to the hetero ring 482 ......The hetero ring and an additional nitrogen are bonded directly to the same carbon 483 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 484 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 485 ......Plural -C(=X)X- groups bonded directly to the hetero ring 486 ......The carbon of the -C(=X)X- group is bonded directly at the 3-position of the hetero ring 487 .....Nitrogen bonded directly to the -C(=X)- group 488 .....Additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 489 .....Preparation of furfural (i.e., furan-2-aldehyde) 490 .....Purification or recovery of furfural 491 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 492 .....Nitrogen and the hetero ring are single bonded directly to the same acyclic saturated hydrocarbon group 493 ......The nitrogen is bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen 494 ......Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 495 ......Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by acyclic nonionic bonding 496 .....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 497 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 498 .....The chalcogen, X, is in a -C(=X)- group 499 ......The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 500 .......Plural -C(=X)X- groups attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 501 .......Additional chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 502 .....Plural chalcogens attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 503 .....Preparing by hydrogenation of furfural 504 ....Halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 505 ....Plural double bonds between ring members of the hetero ring 506 .....Hydrocarbyl substituted 507 ....One double bond between ring members of the hetero ring 508 ....Preparing from compound containing -COO- group 509 ....Preparing from a hydroxy containing compound 510 ...The hetero ring is four-membered 511 ....Sulfur or halogen attached directly or indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 512 ...The hetero ring is three-membered consisting of one oxygen and two carbons 513 ....Processes 514 .....Epihalohydrin, glycerol monohalohydrin or glyceroll dihalohydrin reactant 515 ......Glycidyl ester formed by bonding the oxy of a -COO- group directly to an acyclic carbon which is bonded directly to an oxirane ring 516 ......Glycidyl ether formed by bonding oxygen directly to an acyclic carbon which is bonded directly to an oxirane ring 517 .......Phenolic ether formed 518 .....Oxirane ring formed 519 ......Carbonyl of aldehyde or ketone reacted to form oxirane ring 520 ......By dehydrohalogenation of a halohydrin or by reacting a hypohalite or hypohalous acid with an ethylenically unsaturated compound at the site of unsaturation 521 .......Oxirane ring and chalcogen, cyano, nitrogen, or halogen are bonded directly to the same carbon (e.g., glycidyl ester formed, etc.) 522 .......Oxirane ring is unsubstituted or hydrocarbyl substituted only 523 ......Epoxidation at site of ethylenic unsaturation 524 .......Liquid phase epoxidation 525 ........Organic peracid utilized 526 .........In situ formation of the organic peracid from carboxylic acid and hydrogen peroxide 527 ..........Epoxidizing unsaturated fat or fatty oil, or unsaturated derivative thereof 528 .........Epoxidizing unsaturated fat or fatty oil, or unsaturated derivative thereof 529 ........Organic hydroperoxide reactant 530 .........Boron containing catalyst utilized 531 ........Hydrogen peroxide utilized 532 ........Air or molecular oxygen utilized 533 .........Heavy metal containing catalyst utilized 534 .......Silver containing catalyst utilized 535 ........Fluidized catalyst 536 ........Additional heavy metal containing material utilized (e.g., promoter which contains heavy metal utilized, etc.) 537 ........Group IIA light metal containing material utilized 538 ........Purification or recovery 539 .....Ether or -COO- group formed 540 .....Isomerization, halogenation, hydrogenation, or dehydrohalogenation to form compound 541 .....Purification or recovery 542 ......By adsorption or by chemical reaction with impurity 543 ....Polycyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 544 .....Tetracyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 545 .....Tricyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 546 .....Bicyclo ring system having the hetero ring as one of the cyclos 547 ......Plural bicyclo ring systems each having a hetero ring as one of the cyclos 548 ....Having -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, bonded directly to the hetero ring 549 .....The -C(=X)- is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X'ss are the same or diverse chalcogens 550 ....Cyano, nitrogen, or halogen bonded directly to the hetero ring 551 ....Nitrogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 552 .....Cyano or nitrogen and the hetero ring bonded directly to the same carbon 553 .....The nitrogen is bonded directly to a -C(=X)- group, wherein X is chalcogen 554 ....Chalcogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 555 .....Chalcogen and the hetero ring bonded directly to the same carbon (e.g., glycidyl ethers, etc.) 556 ......Sulfur or -C(=X)-, wherein X is chalcogen, attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 557 .......The chalcogen, X, is part of a -C(=X)X- group or a -X-X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens (e.g., -COO-HCH-oxirane, etc.) 558 ......Halogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding 559 .......Carbocyclic ring containing 560 ......Carbocyclic ring containing 561 .....The chalcogen, X, is part of a -C(=X)X- group, wherein the X's are the same or diverse chalcogens 562 ......Additional -C(=X)- or other sulfur attached indirectly to the hetero ring 563 ....Halogen attached indirectly to the hetero ring by nonionic bonding