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Class Number: 73 Class Title: MEASURING AND TESTING Subclass Subclass Number Title 1 R INSTRUMENT PROVING OR CALIBRATING 2 .Speedometer 3 .Volume or rate of flow meter or element 4 R .Fluid pressure responsive device and gauge 4 D ..Dead weight type 4 V ..Vacuum gauges 5 .Timing apparatus (e.g., fuse, camera shutter, etc.) 6 ..Chronometer (e.g., clock, watch and watch unbalance) 1 B .Force measuring devices 1 C ..Torquemeters 1 D .Motion sensors 1 DC ..Centrifuge machines 1 DV ..Vibration 1 E .Angle and direction sensors 1 G .Gas or vapor analyzers 1 H .Liquid level and volume measuring device 1 J .Dimensional gauge (e.g., thickness, length, etc.) 7 BY ABRASION, MILLING, RUBBING, OR SCUFFING 8 .Wheel tread, tire, track, or roadway 9 FRICTIONAL RESISTANCE, COEFFICIENT OR CHARACTERISTICS 10 .Lubricant testing 11.01 TESTING IMPACT DELIVERING DEVICE (E.G., A HAMMER) 11.02 .Shot peener 11.03 .Pile driving hammer 11.04 TESTING OF SHOCK ABSORBING DEVICE (E.G., AUTOMOBILE SHOCK ABSORBER, GUN RECOIL APPARATUS, ETC.) 11.05 .Torsional vibration damper 11.06 .Railway draft gear 11.07 .In situ vehicle suspension 11.08 ..By applying reciprocating or oscillating motion 11.09 .By applying reciprocating or oscillating motion 12.01 TESTING BY IMPACT OR SHOCK 12.02 .Resilient ball (e.g., golf ball, baseball, etc.) 12.03 .Typewriting ribbon or carbon paper 12.04 .Accelerated or decelerated specimen (e.g., propelled or dropped specimen support carriage) 12.05 ..Particle or projectile specimen 12.06 ..Dropped 12.07 ..By hydraulic or pneumatic forces 12.08 .Specimen directly subjected to a fluid pressure pulse or wave 12.09 .Specimen impactor detail 12.11 ..Particle or projectile 12.12 ..Reciprocating or oscillating 12.13 ..Dropped 12.14 ...Pivoted 19.01 GAS CONTENT OF A LIQUID OR A SOLID 19.02 .By gas chromatography 19.03 .By vibration 19.04 .By rate of flow of the gas 19.05 .By pressure of the gas 19.06 ..Of a beveragee 19.07 .Of metal 19.08 .Of concrete, mortar, or plastic while in a fluent state 19.09 .Of mud 19.1 .Of a liquid 19.11 ..Lubricant 19.12 .Particular separator 23.2 GAS ANALYSIS 23.21 .With compensation detail (for error or drift correction, etc.) 23.22 ..For gas chromatography 23.23 ...Baseline drift correction circuitry 23.24 ...Rate of flow 23.25 ...Temperature 23.26 ....Gradient 23.27 ...Pressure 23.28 ..For density or specific gravity 23.29 ...Pressure 23.3 .Breath analysis 23.31 .Gas of combustion 23.32 ..Air-fuel ratio 23.33 ...Solid content 23.34 .Odor 23.35 .Gas chromatography 23.36 ..With electrical computer or data processor control 23.37 ..With spectrometer 23.38 ..Petrochemical 23.39 ..Column detail 23.4 ..Detector detail 23.41 ..Including sample preparation or sampling 23.42 ..Detail of gas handling means 24.01 .By vibration 24.02 ..Produced by radiant energy 24.03 ..Solid content of gas 24.04 ..Moisture content or vapor pressure of gas 24.05 ..Density or specific gravity of gas 24.06 ..Detector detail 25.01 .By thermal property 25.02 ..With magnetic property (e.g., paramagnetic gas) 25.03 ..Thermoconductivity 25.04 ..Moisture content or vapor pressure 25.05 ..Detector detail 28.01 .Solid content of gas 28.02 ..Particle charging 28.03 ..Pressure 28.04 ..Separator detail 28.05 ...Impactor 28.06 ....Fractionalizing 29.01 .Moisture content or vapor pressure 29.02 ..Hygrometer 335.01 ...With optical element 335.02 ...With electric circuitry or electric circuit component detail 335.03 ....Impedance 335.04 .....Capacitance 335.05 .....Resistance or conductivity 335.06 ...Wet and dry responsive elements 335.07 ....With direct readout or calculator detail 335.08 ....Wet bulb detaill 335.09 .....Relative air motion creating means (e.g., sling psychrometer) 335.11 ...Expanding-sorption element 335.12 ....Coiled or twisted 335.13 ....Arcuate or elongated 335.14 ....Tensioned 29.03 ..Pressure 29.04 ..With visual indication 29.05 ..Detector detail 30.01 .Density or specific gravity 30.02 ..By pressure measurement 30.03 ..By rate of flow 30.04 ..Detector detail 31.01 .Ambient air 31.02 ..Impurity 31.03 .Impurity 31.04 .Pressure 31.05 .Detector detail 31.06 ..Semiconductor 31.07 .Particular separator 32 R SPECIFIC GRAVITY OR DENSITY OF LIQUID OR SOLID 433 .With weighing feature 434 ..Continuous test fluid supply 435 ..Plural supports for specimen 436 ...Vertically, commonly suspended 437 ..Immersion 438 .Hydrostatic pressure type 439 ..Bubble tube 440 .Multiple floats of graduated density 441 .Portable hand manipulable syringe type 442 ..With thermometer 443 ...With calculator 444 .Freely vertical reciprocable float with carried indicium 445 ..Continuous test fluid supply 446 ..With section means 447 ..With liquid level responsive gauge or compensator 448 ..Float structure 449 ...With carried thermometer or thermal compensator 450 ...Specimen carrying 451 .Float operated indicator 452 ..Continuous test fluid supply 453 ..Electrical indication 454 ..Pivoted float 32 A .Involving vibration of substance or the measuring apparatus 35 EXPLOSIVE-DETONATION OR KNOCK 36 ILLUMINATING FLUID 37 WITH FLUID PRESSURE 37.5 .Dimension, shape, or size 37.6 ..Moving specimen 37.7 ...Sheet or filament 37.8 ..Plural tests 37.9 ..Internal gauging 38 .Porosity or permeability 39 .Fluid pressure brake system or unit 40 .Leakage 40.5 R ..Fluid handling conduit in situ 40.5 A ...Using acoustic detectorss 40.7 ..By probe gas, vapor, or powder 41 ..Conveyor feed 41.2 ...With immersion 41.3 ....Defective article discard 41.4 .....Automatic 45 ...With defective article discard 45.1 ....Automatic 45.2 .....Electrically controlled 45.3 .....Vacuum support failure 45.4 .....Sealed receptacle 45.5 ..With immersion 45.6 ...Pneumatic tire 45.7 ....Mesh envelope 45.8 ...Radiator 46 ..Between fitted parts (e.g., joints) 47 ...Piston, piston ring, or engine valve 48 ...Tire valve 49 ..Pneumatic tire 49.1 ..Pipe 49.2 ..Receptacle 49.3 ...Sealed 49.4 .With ram pressure inducer 49.5 .Pipe 49.6 ..With power-operated closure or seal 49.7 .Motor part or auxiliary 49.8 .Clamp, plug, or sealing feature 52 TESTING SEALED RECEPTACLE 53.01 LIQUID ANALYSIS OR ANALYSIS OF THE SUSPENSION OF SOLIDS IN A LIQUID 53.02 .Butter fat content 53.03 .Paper or wood suspension (e.g., paper or wood pulp) 53.04 ..By measuring fluid flow characteristic (e.g., by volume or rate of flow or change in fluid level) 53.05 .Lubricant testing 53.06 ..By analyzing a characteristic of a measuring surface 53.07 ..By solid content 54.01 .Viscosity 54.02 ..Combined with other measuring means 54.03 ..Of concrete (e.g., slump indicator) 54.04 ..Friction tube (e.g., capillary) 54.05 ...Plural tubes 54.06 ....By pressure measuring 54.07 ...By time interval of travel or flow rate measuring 54.08 ....Including a photocell 54.09 ...By pressure measuring 54.11 ..Orifice, nozzle, or extrusion means 54.12 ...Plural fluids (e.g., comparison) 54.13 ...By time interval of travel or flow rate measuring 54.14 ...By force, pressure, or displacement measuring 54.15 ..Gravity movement of an object in a liquid (e.g., a bubble) 54.16 ...With detail of temperature or pressure regulating or compensating means 54.17 ...Using a reference fluid 54.18 ...With means for restoring an object to its initial starting position (e.g., magnetic or fluid means) 54.19 ...Including detail of a timing detection circuit 54.21 ...Including an object concentricity guide meanss 54.22 ..Adhesion between wetted surfaces 54.23 ..Force reactance to member driven therein 54.24 ...By vibration 54.25 ....Dampening effect (e.g., frequency, amplitude, speed, or power measurement) 54.26 .....With detail of a drive means or a detecting means 54.27 ....With detail (e.g., circuitry) of a drive means or a detecting means 54.28 ...Rotationally driven member 54.29 ....Comparator 54.31 ....By measuring the driving force or the speed of the driven member 54.32 ....By measuring an opposed drag force 54.33 .....By measuring angular displacement 54.34 .....By measuring a counterbalance or restoring force 54.35 ....Including detail of a motor drive, a stator, or a housing structure of a motor 54.36 ...Penetrometer 54.37 ...By movement of displacement between shearing surfaces 54.38 ...Detector detail 54.39 ..Shearing torque between parallel surfaces 54.41 ..Vibration 54.42 ..Thermal 54.43 ..With detail of a pressure or a temperature regulating means 60.11 .Cleaning or foaming ability 61.41 .Content or effect of a constituent of a liquid mixture 61.42 ..Metallic particle constituent 61.43 ..Liquid constituent of a liquid mixture 61.44 ...Plural liquid constituent (e.g., multiphase liquid) 61.45 ....By vibration 61.46 ...By thermal measurement 61.47 ...By pressure measurement 61.48 ...By optical irradiation 61.49 ...By vibration 61.51 ...Buoyant detector 61.52 ...Chromatography 61.53 ....Column detail 61.54 ....Paper or thin layer type 61.55 ....Including sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation 61.56 ....Detail of fluid handling means (e.g., valve, control, etc.) 61.57 ....With detail of compensation or regulating means 61.58 ....Detector detail 61.59 ...With detail of sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation 61.61 ...Detector detail 61.62 ..Depositing characteristic 61.63 ..Settling or filtering ability 61.64 ...By volume or flow rate 61.65 ...Sedimentation rate 61.66 ....Including means for accelerating solids (e.g., particles) 61.67 ....By pressure measurement 61.68 ....Including detail of fluid handling means, sampling, sample handling, or sample preparation 61.69 ....By optical measurementt 61.71 ..For measuring solid components (e.g., particles) 61.72 ...By separation and subsequent measurement (e.g., by weighing, X-ray or microscope, etc.) 61.73 ...By flowing through barrier or restriction and measuring flow effect (e.g., pressure, volume of or rate of flow) 61.74 ....Thermal 61.75 ...Vibration 61.76 ..By thermal measurement 61.77 ...Vaporization (e.g., evaporation, distillation, etc.) 61.78 ..By pressure measurement 61.79 ..By vibration 64.41 .Gelling or coagulation 64.42 ..By vibration 64.43 ..By optical measurement 64.44 .Vapor-liquid ratio 64.45 .Vapor pressure 64.46 ..Differential pressure 64.47 .Osmotic pressure (e.g., diffusion characteristic) 64.48 .Surface tension 64.49 ..By force or torque 64.51 ..By pressure 64.52 ..Liquid droplet 64.53 .By vibration 64.54 .Molecular weight 64.55 .Interface 64.56 .Sampler, constituent separation, sample handling, or sample preparation 65.01 CENTER OF GRAVITY; TURNING MOMENT; METACENTRIC HEIGHT 65.02 .Spherical specimen 65.03 .Ball driving sporting implement (e.g., golf club, baseball bat, etc.) 65.04 .Watercraft (e.g., metacentric height) 65.05 .Air or space vehicle 65.06 ..Electric sensor 65.07 .Dynamic 65.08 ..Torsional oscillation 65.09 .Electric sensor 66 ROTOR UNBALANCE 455 .Propeller, impeller, or fluid coupling 456 ..Single blade balancing 457 .In situ 458 ..With counterbalancing means 459 .Combined static and dynamic 460 .Dynamic (spinning) 461 ..Mass centering 462 ..With electrical sensor and indicator 463 ...Wattmeter 464 ...Rotatable switch 465 ...Oscilloscope (cathode ray) 466 ...Stroboscopically illuminated 467 ....Indicator 468 ..With counterbalancing means 469 ...By radially and circumferentially adjustable weights 470 ...By circumferentially adjustable weights 471 ..With vibratable mount feature 472 ...Free floating rotor 473 ....Horizontal axis 474 ...One rotor end universally tiltablee 475 ...Horizontal rotational axis 476 ....Horizontal plane of vibration 477 .....Both ends free 478 ......With selective endlock 479 ....Horizontal fulcrum 480 .Gravitational moment turns rotor about spin axis 481 ..Ways 482 .Gravitational moment tilts rotor about axis transverse to spin axis 483 ..Universally tiltable 484 ...With tapered rotor centering means 485 ...With expansible or contractible centering means 486 ...With suspension means 487 .Tool and adjunct 570 VIBRATION 571 .Test chamber 572 .Loose object detection 573 .Hardness or compliance 574 .Mechanical impedance 575 ..Of an elastomer 576 ..Device having an electromagnetic drive 577 .Fatigue study 578 ..Electromagnetic drive 579 .Resonance, frequency, or amplitude study 580 ..Including weight determination 581 ..Including axial force determination 582 ..Including structural bond evaluation 583 ..Of aircraft or related structural element 584 .By mechanical waves 585 ..Including ear or hearing testing 586 ..Reverberation 587 ..Acoustic emission 588 ..Structural bond evaluation 589 ..Acoustical impedance 590 ..In detection of a liquid reaction, a chemical reaction, or a nuclear reaction 591 ..Listening or sound tube 592 ..Fluid, fluid leak, or pipe flaw detection 593 ..Bearing, gear, or related moving mechanism 594 ..Soil or building structure 595 ..Frangible 596 ..Beamed 597 ...Velocity or propagation time measurement 598 ....For flaw or discontinuity detection 599 ...Attenuation measurement 600 ....For flaw or discontinuity detection 601 ...Having plural, diverse forms of radiant energy 602 ...With signal analyzing or mathematical processing 603 ...Acoustic holography 604 ....Having means substituted for reference signal 605 ....Liquid or deformable surface holography 606 ...Imaging of discontinuity with stationary sonic transmitter 607 ....By scan of a sonic receiver 608 ....By Bragg diffraction 609 ...Measuring or testing system having threshold, gating, delay, or blocking means 610 ....Electronic gating 611 .....Adjustably responsive to information signall 612 .....Plural gating 613 .....Of noise 614 .....Of signals to pass only echoes from within test body 615 .....Of signals to pass only echoes from front surface or flaw and from rear surface of test body 616 .....Of signals to pass only echoes from rear surface of test body 617 ....Having mechanical delay or mechanical blocking 618 ...Measuring or testing system having scanning means 619 ....Programmed scan 620 ....By reflected wave 621 .....Having compound scan 622 .....Of tubing, vessel, or cylindrical object 623 ......Scan from within object 624 .....Having separate sonic transmitter and receiver 625 .....Having plural sonic type transmitter or receiver transducers 626 ......Switched 627 ...By reflected wave 628 ....Having plural sonic type transmitters or receivers tranducers 629 ....Having unitary sonic type transmitter-receiver transducer 630 .....Establishing resonance in a test body 631 .....Having automatic gain control 632 ...Sonic wave transmitter or receiver transducer 633 ....Having transducer scanning means 634 .....Automatic transducer positioning 635 .....Rolling contact 636 ......On railroad rails 637 ......Around cylindrical object 638 ......Along cylindrical object 639 ......Transducer forms wheel or is within a wheel 640 .....Scanning curved surface in direction of curvature 641 .....Plural sonic transmitters or receivers 642 ....Having wave shaping means 643 ....Nonvibrating transducer 644 ....Having significant coupling means 645 ..Acoustic parameter 646 ...Amplitude, power, or intensity 647 ....Current generating or modifying 648 .....Frequency sensitive 649 .Sensing apparatus 650 ..Torsional 651 ..Vibratable reed 652 ..With inertia element 653 ...With light beam indicator 654 ...With electrically controlled indicator 655 ..With light beam indicator 656 ...By optical holography 657 ...By frequency or phase shift 658 ..With electrically controlled indicator 659 ...Spectrum analysis 660 ...Rotating machinery or device 661 ...Having a probe 662 .Vibrator 663 ..Table, platform, or other support 664 ...Circuitry 665 ...Having fluid bearing or fluid pressure actuatedd 666 ...Having spring support 667 ...Eccentrically vibrated 668 ...Electromagnetically vibrated 669 ..Vehicle shaker 670 ...Treadmill 671 ..Having a fluid jet 672 ..Having a rotatable imbalanced mass 73 MOISTURE CONTENT OR ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTIC OF MATERIAL 74 .By residual capacity measurement 75 .By heat conductivity 76 .By desiccation or extraction 77 .By wet and dry bulb temperature 78 HARDNESS 79 .Scleroscope or rebound 81 .By penetrator or indentor 82 ..Impact type 83 ..With successive minor and major load 84 ..Soil bearing capacity 85 ..Penetrator element 86 EMBRITTLEMENT OR EROSION 87 DUCTILITY OR BRITTLENESS 760 SPECIMEN STRESS OR STRAIN, OR TESTING BY STRESS OR STRAIN APPLICATION 761 .Threaded fastener stress 762 .Indicating coating or sheet providing direct visual indication (e.g., cracking, color change) 763 .Specified electrical sensor or system 764 ..Having level attainment counter 765 ..Compensation (e.g., linearization) 766 ...Temperature 767 ..Plural sensors at single location (e.g., diverse orientation, plural level) 768 ..Sensor embedded in specimen 769 ..Coupling circuit for specific additional purpose (e.g., noise suppression) or having specified structure 770 ...Peak indicating system 771 ...Having selector switching means 772 ...Plural sensed signal system 773 ...Specified signal transmitting link 774 ..Specified sensor structure 775 ...Bonded to specimen 776 ....Sensor comprises coating 777 ...Semiconductor 778 ...Vibratory element 779 ...Magnetic or inductive 780 ...Capacitive 781 .Specified load or strain transmission device from specimen to electrical detector 782 ..Strain multiplier 783 .Deformation or change in stress after fracture, cutting, or boring 784 .Earth stresses 785 .Prestressed specimen 786 .In static structures (e.g., buildings, bridges) 787 .Stress or strain history of a specimen without application of a load 788 .By loading of specimen (e.g., strength of material test) 789 ..Stress-strain relationship determinationn 790 ...Compression 791 ...Graphical output 792 ....Moving chart 793 .....Drum 794 ..Plural diverse stress-strain tests or composite loads 795 ...Strain 796 ...Tension-compression 797 ....Alternating 798 ....Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation 799 ..Specimen cracking or crack propagation 800 ..Optical 801 ..Acoustic emission 802 ..Aircraft structure 803 ..Concrete 804 ..Model of structure to determine structure properties 805 ..Varied in response to specimen condition other than failure 806 ..Varied according to predetermined pattern 807 ...Applied directly by fluid pressure 808 ...Repetitive 809 ....Plural specimen 810 ....To failure 811 ....Electric control circuit or particular loading device 812 ....Flexing, bending, or folding 813 ....Compressive 814 ....Torsional 815 ....Shear 816 ...Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation 817 ...Motor driven actuating screw 818 ..Compressional 819 ...Plural specimen or multiaxial loading 820 ...Fluid displacement provides indication 821 ...To fracture, crushing, or yield point 822 ...Plastic flow or creep 823 ...Residual deformation (e.g., consolidation) 824 ...By rotating squeezing element 825 ...With hydraulic or pneumatic actuation 826 ..Tensile 827 ...Bond test 828 ...Strand or chain test 829 ....By roller 830 ....To failure 831 ...Having specified clamp 832 ....Interior to specimen 833 ....Jaws 834 ...To failure 835 ....Tear 836 ...Pendulum dynamometer 837 ...Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation 838 ..Rupture or burst strength of sheet material by transverse loading 839 ...Including cutting or piercing element 840 ...Hydraulic or pneumatic actuation 841 ..Shear 842 ...Bond 843 ...By rotary element 844 ...Impact (e.g., pendulum) 845 ...To fracture or failure 846 ...Opposing work holders including specimenn 847 ..Torsion 848 ...To failure 849 ..Bending, flexing, or folding 850 ...Weld testing 851 ...To failure or fracture 852 ...Loading means intermediate stationary end holders or supports 853 ...Having opposite ends of specimen clamped 854 ...By angular displacement of opposite ends of specimen 855 .Support, holder, or housing for unspecified type electrical sensing element 856 .Specimen clamp, holder, or support 857 ..With hydraulic or pneumatic actuation of grip 858 ..Winding drum or roller type 859 ..With wedging or camming elements contacting specimen 860 ..Opposed pair 104 SURFACE AND CUTTING EDGE TESTING 105 .Roughness 112 POWER PLANT OR UNIT EFFICIENCY 113 .Automobile fuel consumption 114 ..Miles per gallon 115 .Pressure derivative 116 MOTOR AND ENGINE TESTING 117 .With vehicle wheel supporting roller or belt 117.1 .Utilizing a test chamber or tank to simulate operating conditions 117.2 .Disparate tests under operating conditions 117.3 ..With continuous operation 117.4 .Thrust measurement (e.g., jet engine) 118.1 .Testing auxiliary unit 118.2 ..Intake air flow 119 R .Motor part 120 ..Piston ring 119 A ..Fuel injection tests 121 BRAKE TESTING 122 .Slidable platform 123 .Roller or belt wheel support 124 ..Relatively shiftable front and rear wheel supports 125 ..Inertia type 126 ..With driving effort indication 127 ...Single wheel portable unit 128 .Road test attachment or adjunct 129 .Vehicle installation 130 .Single wheel rotating and resistance measuring means 131 ..Torque measuring lever 132 .Brake depressor with measuring means 862 DYNAMOMETERS 862.01 .For testing force-biased connections 862.02 ..Ski bindings 862.03 .For testing relative pulling power (e.g., for contests) 862.041 .Responsive to multiple loads or load components 862.042 ..Along or about mutually orthogonal axes 862.043 ...Three dimensional (e.g., x, y, z axes) 862.044 ....Using a resistance strain gage 862.045 ..Using a resistance strain gage 862.046 ..Transducer array (e.g., columns and rows) 862.05 ..Applied to guidance means 862.06 ..On machine toolss 862.07 ..To determine distribution of tensile stress 862.08 .Responsive to torque 862.09 ..By absorption 862.11 ...Having plural brake means 862.12 ...Having friction brake means 862.13 ....Automatic load control 862.14 ...Having fluid brake means 862.15 ....Air brakes 862.16 ....Automatic load control 862.17 ...Having magnetic or electromagnetic brake means 862.18 ....Automatic load control 862.191 ..During transmission to an external load 862.21 ...For making or breaking threaded connections (e.g., torque measuring wrenches) 862.22 ....With variable capacity or sensitivity 862.23 ....With detection of specific torque value or condition (e.g., peak torque) 862.24 .....Rate of change 862.25 ....Power tongs 862.26 ....Bending beam type 862.27 ...With recording or totalizing means 862.28 ...With electrical computation of horsepower 862.29 ...By measuring reaction forces of a prime mover 862.31 ...By measuring reaction forces of transmission gearing 862.321 ...By measuring elastic deformation of a torque transmitting member 862.322 ....With rotary to linear conversion 862.323 ....Using a flowing fluid (e.g., using a shaft mounted nozzle and baffle) 862.324 ....Using a light sensor 862.325 ....Using an electrical sensor 862.326 .....Phase angle detection 862.327 ......Vernier type 862.328 ......By plural toothed or notched sensing means 862.329 .......Interlaced teeth 862.331 .....Inductance or reluctance sensor 862.332 ......Variable air gap in a magnetic core 862.333 ......Detecting magnetostrictive or magnetoelastic property 862.334 .......Grooved or slotted torsion shaft 862.335 .......Magnetic sleeve or layer 862.336 ........Particular constituent 862.337 .....Capacitance sensor 862.338 .....Resistance strain gage 862.339 ......With noncontact coupling (e.g., rotary transformer) 862.37 ...By measuring the fluid pressure of a hydraulic coupling 862.192 ...By measuring angular acceleration 862.193 ...By measuring an electrical or magnetic characteristic of a torque delivering electric motor 862.194 ...By measuring tension in a drive belt or chain 862.195 ...By converting transmitted torque into axial force 862.381 .Responsive to force 862.391 ..To determine tension on a flexible element 862.41 ...By measuring vibrations (e.g., resonant frequency) 862.42 ...By applying a measured tensioning force 862.43 ....Racket stringing 862.44 ....With winding or reeling means 862.451 ...By measuring deflection or a deflecting forcee 862.452 ....For testing racket stringing 862.453 ....For testing a drive belt 862.454 ....Using a fluid for deflection or force measuring 862.46 ....With angular deflection 862.471 ....Using an elastically deformable force measuring means 862.472 .....With pivoted deflecting member between spaced guides or supports 862.473 .....Electrical sensor 862.474 ......Resistance strain gage 862.392 ...By measuring axial force or stretch 862.393 ....Pulling force on an anchoring device 862.49 ..To determine axial thrust on a rotating machine element 862.51 ..With recording means 862.52 ..With variable capacity or sensitivity 862.53 ..With detection of specific force value or condition (e.g., peak force) 862.541 ..Combined 862.55 ...With pressure applying roller (e.g., mill roll) 862.56 ...With hoisting means 862.57 ...With towing means 862.542 ...With jack or press 862.543 ...With pumping unit 862.581 ..By measuring a fluid pressure 862.582 ...Using a load responsive valve or restrictor 862.583 ....Pneumatic 862.584 ...Using a piston 862.59 ..By measuring vibrations (e.g., resonant frequency) 862.61 ..By measuring a counterbalancing or restoring force 862.621 ..By measuring elastic deformation 862.622 ...With compensation 862.623 ....Temperature 862.624 ...Using a light sensor 862.625 ...Using a specific type of electrical sensor 862.626 ....Inductance or capacitance sensor 862.627 ....Resistance strain gage 862.628 .....Including a specific type of electrical circuit 862.629 .....Specific type of elastic member 862.631 ......Axle or pivot pin 862.632 ......Flexible element (e.g., beam, plate, or web) 862.633 .......Parallel 862.634 .......Cantilever 862.635 ......Closed loop (e.g., ring or tube) 862.636 ...Specific type of elastic member 862.637 ....Flexible element (e.g., beam, plate, or web) 862.638 .....Parallel 862.639 .....Cantilever 862.641 ....Helical or spiral 862.642 ....Closed loop (e.g., ring or tube) 862.68 ..By measuring electrical properties 862.69 ..By measuring magnetic properties 862.382 ..With detail of overload protection 146 TIRE, TREAD OR ROADWAY 146.2 .Tire inflation testing installation 146.3 ..By direct fluid pressure reading 146.4 ...Telemetric (e.g., indicator on cowl) 146.5 ....Electric 146.8 ...Tire stem attachments 147 WIND TUNNEL: AERODYNAMIC WING AND PROPELLER STUDYY 148 MODEL BASIN AND TESTING TANK 149 VOLUMETRIC CONTENT MEASURING 150 R COATING MATERIAL: INK ADHESIVE AND/OR PLASTIC 150 A .Bond strength 151 BORE HOLE AND DRILLING STUDY 151.5 .Drill depth-rate 152 .Formation logging 153 ..By drill mud or core analysis 154 ..Thermal 155 .Fluid intrusion, theft of flow study 156 STATISTICAL RECORD VERIFYING 157 RECORD STRIP SPROCKET HOLE TESTING 158 HOISTING CABLE AND ROPE 159 SHEET, WOVEN FABRIC OR FIBER 160 .Filament 161 SPRING TESTING 162 TOOTHED GEAR 163 COIN 164 MINER'S LAMP 167 ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILE 168 BLOWER, PUMP, AND HYDRAULIC EQUIPMENT 169 FLOUR, DOUGH, OR BREAD 172 ORTHOPEDIC PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION 178 R NAVIGATION 179 .Rate of climb (pressure type) 180 .Leeway incidence or side-slip 181 .Ship's log 182 ..Pressure differential type 183 ...With integrating means 184 ..Drag type 185 ...Rotary 186 ..Vane type 187 ..Rotary 178 H .Helicopter 178 T .Take-off and landing monitors 170.01 FLUID FLOW DIRECTION (E.G., WIND SOCK, WEATHER VANE, ETC.) 170.02 .Relative to aircraft or watercraft 170.03 ..Sailboat (e.g., sailing aid) 170.04 .Using a drifter or tracer (e.g., smoke) 170.05 .Using a fluid actuated alignment device (e.g., wind sock, weather vane, etc.) 170.06 ..With illumination means or an electro-optical indicator (e.g., beacon or signal lamp) 170.07 ..With velocity determination 170.08 ...Electric sensor 170.09 ..Electric sensor 170.11 .With velocity determination 170.12 ..Thermal 170.13 ..Acoustic 170.14 ..Fluid pressure differential 170.15 ..Thrust or drag force 170.16 METEOROLOGY 170.17 .Precipitation (e.g., rain gauge) 170.18 ..With recorder detail 170.19 ..With heater or vaporizer 170.21 ..Sensing accumulated amount (e.g, rain gauge) 170.22 ...Using a float 170.23 ...Weight actuated (e.g., tipping bucket)) 170.24 .Electric disturbance (e.g., lightning) 170.25 .Micrometeorite 170.26 .Icing condition (e.g., accretion) 170.27 .Naturally occurring radiation (e.g., solar radiation) 170.28 .Using unmanned, self-controlled airborne instrumentation carried (e.g., radiosonde) 170.29 OCEANOLOGY (E.G., OCEANS, RIVERS, OR LAKES) 170.31 .Surface wave 170.32 .Bottom sediment or soil 170.33 .Towed probe 170.34 .Unattached, self-contained probe with buoyancy controlled level of descent 861 VOLUME OR RATE OF FLOW 861.01 .With indirect temperature or density compensation 861.02 ..Electrical 861.03 ...Digital 861.04 .Of selected fluid mixture component 861.05 .By measuring transit time of tracer or tag 861.06 ..With autocorrelation or cross-correlation detection 861.95 ..Thermal tracer or tag 861.07 .By measuring tracer concentration 861.08 .By measuring electrical or magnetic properties 861.09 ..Ionization type 861.11 ..Electromagnetic induction (e.g., Faraday type) 861.12 ...With detecting electrodes 861.13 ....Including permanent magnet or D.C. field 861.14 ....For dielectric fluids 861.15 ....Plural pairs of detecting electrodes 861.16 ....Including electrically interconnected or synchronized input and output circuit 861.17 .....Selective or periodic sampling 861.18 .By measuring vibrations or acoustic energy 861.19 ..Produced by fluidic oscillator 861.21 ..Caused by fluid interaction with obstacle 861.22 ...Vortex shedders 861.23 ....Acoustic 861.24 ....Movable sensor responsive to vortices 861.25 ..Reflection or scattering of acoustic waves 861.26 ..Deflection of acoustic waves 861.27 ..Transit time of acoustic waves 861.28 ...Transmitted along single path 861.29 ....In both directions simultaneously 861.31 ...Transmitted along parallel paths 861.32 .By measuring swirl rate imparted by static means 861.33 ..With turbine in a swirl chamber 861.34 ..Precess type 861.35 .Mass flow by imparting angular or transverse momentum to the fluid 861.36 ..Motor driven 861.37 ...Transverse rotation or oscillations 861.38 ....With transverse velocity gradient (e.g., Coriolis effect, gyroscopic principle) 861.39 .Using an applied fluid jet 861.41 .By counting drops, bubbles, or particles 195 .System 196 ..Flow comparing 197 ..Compound meter 198 .Combinedd 199 ..With pressure regulator or demand limit 200 ..With gas and liquid separator 201 ..With connection or box 202 .Proportional 202.5 ..Thermal sensing of flow 203 ..With valved proportioning means 204.11 .Thermal type 204.12 ..With conduit extending between heat sinks 204.13 ..With auxiliary fluid contacting or in heat exchange relation with flow path (e.g., thermodilution) 204.14 ..Including digital or pulse measuring circuitry 204.15 ..Including detail of feedback or rebalancing circuitry 204.16 ...By control of a separate heating or cooling element 204.17 ..With distinct heating circuitry for a self-heated sensor 204.18 ..Including response characteristic or condition compensation 204.19 ...For temperature 204.21 ..With fluid flow deflector or restrictor (e.g., baffle, constriction) 204.22 ..With sensor housing 204.23 ..Having particular electrical heating, cooling, or thermal sensing element 204.24 ...Thermoelectric junction 204.25 ...Resistive element 204.26 ....With substrate carrier (e.g., thin film) 204.27 ....Wire type (e.g., hot wire) 861.42 .Using differential pressure 861.43 ..With time integration 861.44 ...By electrical means 861.45 ...By mechanical means 861.46 ....Including pressure applied to liquid column or reservoir 861.47 ..Pressure applied to movable member (e.g., a diaphragm) 861.48 ...With linearization (e.g., square root extraction) 861.49 ..Pressure applied to liquid column or reservoir 861.51 ...With linearization 861.52 ..With restriction 861.53 ...Automatically variable restriction 861.54 ....Slotted piston or cylinder 861.55 ....Cone and ball or disk 861.56 .....With structure of coupling to indicator 861.57 .....With structure of float, float tube, or float guide 861.58 ....Orifice and tapered plug 861.59 ...Including recirculation pump 861.61 ...Orifice or flow nozzle 861.62 ....Adjustable 861.63 ...Venturi 861.64 ....Inlet or outlet structure 861.65 ..Pitot 861.66 ...Sensing at plural transverse locations 861.67 ...Adjustable 861.68 ...With heating element 861.69 ..Centrifugal 215 .Weir type 216 ..Submerged orifice or discharge nozzle .Tank type 217 ..Rotary tank or bucket 218 ...With power drivee 219 ..Plural measuring chamber 220 ...With fluid-pressure operated valve 221 ...With float operated valve 222 ...With siphon discharge 223 ..Single measuring chamber 224 ...With float operated valve 225 ....With trip gear 226 ...With siphon discharge 227 .Area-velocity integrating 861.71 .By measuring thrust or drag forces 861.72 ..By changing fluid direction 861.73 ..Impact of particulate material 861.74 ..On a vane 861.75 ...With rotation about a fixed axis 861.76 ....Spring biased 861.77 .Using rotating member with particular electrical output or circuit 861.78 ..With pick-up coil 861.79 .Using turbine 861.81 ..With response modification 861.82 ...Pressure responsive valve or restriction 861.83 ...Axial supply and delivery 861.84 ....Differentially responsive turbines 861.85 ..Anemometers 861.86 ..With fluid directed radially outward 861.87 ..With flow direction retained in a plane perpendicular to turbine axis 861.88 ...Mechanical coupling to indicator 861.89 ..Axial supply and delivery 861.91 ...With structure to reduce friction or wear 861.92 ...With structure of bearing or turbine support structure 861.93 ...With mechanical coupling to indicator 861.94 ...With magnetic coupling drive assembly 232 .Expansible chamber 233 ..With variable indicator drive 234 ..Wet type (e.g., liquid seal) 235 ...Rotary drum 236 ...Oscillating bell or drum 237 ...Reciprocating bell 238 ...Nutating bell 239 ..Reciprocating piston or cylinder 240 ...Transversely reciprocating piston and cylinder 241 ...Oscillating cylinder 242 ...Valveless 243 ...Duplex 244 ....Wobble plate or cam 245 ....With transverse shaft 246 .....With single distributing valve 247 ...Radial cylinder 248 ...Valved piston 249 ...With fluid actuated valve 250 ...With piston or rod actuated valve gear 251 ....With trip gear 252 ..Oscillating piston 253 ..Rotary piston or cylinder 254 ...With compensating bypass 255 ...With orbital movement 256 ....Plural stationary abutmentt 257 ....Single stationary abutment 258 .....Nutating piston 259 ...With sliding vane 260 ...With swinging vane 261 ...With interengaging pistons 262 ..Diaphragm or collapsible wall 263 ...Multiple diaphragm 264 ....Duplex 265 ....With rotary valve 266 .....Crank operated 267 ......With flag rod 268 ....With oscillating or reciprocating valve 269 ...Single diaphragm 270 ....With diaphragm actuated valve trip gear 271 ....With fluid actuated valve 272 R .Element 273 ..Casing 274 ...Diaphragm meter type 275 ..Antireversing mechanism 276 ...Check valve 277 .."Frostproof" construction 278 ..Diaphragm mounting 279 ..Diaphragm 280 ...With oiling structure 281 ..Tangent adjustment 272 A ..With remote register 290 R LIQUID LEVEL OR DEPTH GAUGE 291 .With other measuring device 292 ..Thermometer 293 .With illumination 294 .With funnel or hose nozzle 295 .Thermal type 296 .Weighing type 297 .Test cock type 298 .Exploring tube 299 .Hydrostatic pressure type 300 ..Bathometer type 301 ..With electrically controlled indicator 302 ..With fluid displacement or replenishment 303 ...Suction type or vacuum tank action 304 R .Immersible electrode type 304 C ..Capacitative 305 .Float 306 ..Combined 307 ...With warning signal or alarm 308 ....Electric 309 ..Buoyancy type 310 ..Total registering 311 ..Multiple floats 312 ..Recording 313 ..With electrically controlled indicator 314 ..With position sensing 315 ..With float lock 316 ..With fluid transmission 317 ..Pivoted float arm 318 ...With flexible cable transmission 319 ..Vertically reciprocable 320 ...With spiral cam or guidee 321 ...With flexible cable transmission 322 ...Indicator stem attached 322.5 ..Float structure 323 .Sight glass 324 ..With cleaner 325 ..With guard or casing 326 ...Boiler type 327 ..Reflector or magnifier 328 ..Boiler type 329 ...Duplex or multiple section 330 ...Transparent closure plate type 331 ....Bull's eye type 332 ...With valve 333 ....Safety feature 334 ..Transparent closure plate type 290 B .Ullage volume 290 V .Vibratory type 379.01 MUSCULAR FORCE (E.G., STRENGTH TESTING, EXERCISING OR TRAINING EFFORT, ETC.) 379.02 .Jaw or hand (e.g., gripping, pinching, or biting) 379.03 ..Using a resilient force-resister 379.04 .Impact 379.05 ..Using a resilient force-resister 379.06 .Including a rotary element with a braking means (e.g., friction brake) 379.07 ..Pedal driven (e.g., cycle ergometer) 379.08 .Using a resilient force-resister 379.09 .Using hydraulic or pneumatic force-resister 382 R GRAVITATIONAL DETERMINATION 383 .Torsion balance 382 G .Gravitational variation 488 SPEED OR ACCELERATION 489 .Recording or registering interrelated factors 490 .With distance registering means 491 .With means for retaining reading 492 ..Maximum acceleration 493 .Structural installation or mounting means 494 ..Installed in rotary speed source 495 .Indicating diverse conditions 496 .Vibration control or antistick means for reading structure 497 .Temperature compensator 498 .Adjusting means for reading structure 499 .Illuminated reading device 500 .Liquid surface is or moves reading means 501 ..Surface of revolving liquid body 502 .Externally connected pressure gauge gives reading 503 .Means integrating time and acceleration 504 .With gyroscopic means 505 .Means measuring or testing change of orientation 506 .Means integrating intermittent speed source impulses 507 .Comparison to a fixed standard, master or reference speed device 508 .With governor drive failure responsive means 509 .With response to a nonspeed condition 510 .Response to multiple sensing means or motion conditions 511 ..Response to both velocity and acceleration 512 ...Centrifugal-type velocity sensor and separate inertial means 513 .With manual controll 514 .Response to rate of change of speed 515 ..Fluid 516 R ...With electrical or magnetic means 516 LM ....With liquid mass 517 R ..Electrical or magnetic 517 AV ...With vibrating element 517 B ...With rebalance system 517 A ...Angular acceleration 518 .Electrical or magnetic 519 ..Permanent magnet type 520 ...With flux adjusting means 521 .Fluid 522 ..Dampening means 523 ..Expansible chamber devices 524 ..Fluid coupling or torque convertor type 525 ..Brake (e.g., vanes in air) 526 .With dampening or shock-absorbing means 527 .With input means 528 ..Selective speed transmitter 529 ..Frictional (e.g., friction wheels) 530 .With output transmitting mechanism 531 ..With transmission adjustment means 532 ..Gear 533 ...Rectilinear rack 534 ..Surface and follower 535 .Centrifugal weight type 536 ..Weight lever arm or pivot automatically variable during operation 537 ..Bias automatically variable during operation 538 ...Snap action 539 ..Limit stop for weight 540 ..With adjusting means 541 ...Diverse 542 ...Biasing weight 543 ...Lever or gear adjustor 544 ...Adjusting screw means and bias spring concentric to centrifugal axis 545 ...Spring and adjustor connect paired weights 546 ..Leaf spring biasing means 547 ..Toggle joint mounted 548 ..Radially projecting striker type 549 ..Rigid mass crossing axis at an acute angle 550 ..Weighted bell crank lever type 551 ..Surface and follower (e.g., cam or weight as wedge) 384 BAROMETER (E.G., ALTIMETER) 385 .Mercury 386 .Aneroid 387 ..Settable 700 FLUID PRESSURE GAUGE 701 .Null balance type 702 .Vibration type 703 ..Ultrasonic 704 ..Vibrating strip or wire 705 .Photoelectric 706 .With protective separator 707 .With fluid pulsation dampener 708 .With pressure and/or temperature compensation 709 .With excess or maximum registeringg 710 .With steam trap 711 .With variable drive 712 .With recorder 713 .With float 714 .Combined 715 .Diaphragm 716 ..Multiple and/or differential 717 ...With electrical readout 718 ....Capacitive 719 ....Resistive 720 .....Strain gauge 721 ......Piezoresistive 722 ....Electromagnetic 723 ..With electrical readout 724 ...Capacitive 725 ...Resistive 726 ....Strain gauge 727 .....Piezoresistive 728 ...Electromagnetic 729.1 ..Belows 729.2 ..Capsule 730 ..Expansible conduit 731 ..Sack 732 .Bourdon 733 ..With electrical readout 734 ...Resistive 735 ...Electromagnetic 736 ..Multiple and/or differential 737 ..Intermediately supported 738 ..Safety pressure release casing 739 ..With mechanism dampening 740 ..With zeroizing adjustment 741 ..Bourdon tube and mounting 742 ...Helical Bourdon tube 743 ...Spiral Bourdon tube 744 .Piston 745 ..With electrical readout 746 ...Resistive 747 .U-tube liquid column 748 ..Sphygmomanometer 749 ..With electrical readout 750 ...Resistive 751 .Balance 752 .McLeod type 753 .Electrical 754 ..Semiconductor 755 ..Pirani type 756 .Mounting and connection 863 SAMPLER, SAMPLE HANDLING, ETC. 863.01 .Automatic control 863.02 ..Quantity or rate of flow responsive 863.03 ...Rate of sample flow continuously controlled 863.11 .With heating or cooling 863.12 ..And separation 863.21 .With constituent separation 863.22 ..Particle impact 863.23 ..Sieve, filter, or semipermeable membrane 863.24 ...Cleaningg 863.25 ...Changing feature 863.31 .Plural parallel systems 863.32 ..Pipette 863.33 ..Plural capture, single receiver 863.41 .Flow divider, deflector, or interceptor 863.42 ..Attached to mouth of dumpable receptacle 863.43 ..Having precapture flow guide or homogenizer 863.44 ...Oscillating or reciprocating 863.45 ...Rotary 863.51 ..Having an upstream-facing-opening-type capture element 863.52 ...With receptacle 863.53 ....Mounted for flow zone traverse 863.54 ...Mounted for reciprocation 863.55 ...Oscillating 863.56 ...Rotary 863.57 ...With blocking means 863.58 ...Pitot tube type 863.61 ..Branched conduit 863.71 .Conduit or passageway section capture chamber 863.72 ..Single valve unit 863.73 ...Capture chamber within valve unit 863.81 .Withdrawing through conduit or receptacle wall 863.82 ..Capture element movable to plural loci 863.83 ..With metering means or pump 863.84 ...Expansible chamber 863.85 ..Lock or seal for sampler insertion or removal 863.86 ..Valve or restriction 863.91 .Conveyor coacting 863.92 ..Integral with conveyor structure 864 .Capture device 864.01 ..Pipette or cannula 864.02 ...Self-filling of self-limiting 864.03 ...With user mouth protection 864.11 ...With suction applying and liquid discharge means 864.12 ....With separate diluent supply 864.13 ....Piston within pipette 864.14 ....With particular connection or release means 864.15 ....With valve for connection to external pressure source 864.16 ....Piston and cylinder 864.17 .....Plural 864.18 .....Plural or adjustable limit stops 864.21 ...With sample supply to analyzer 864.22 ...With pipette contacting second fluid supply 864.23 ...Pipette fixed; source movable 864.24 ...Pipette longitudinally movable 864.25 ....And transversely movable 864.31 ..With capture device transporter 864.32 ...Cyclically operated scoop 864.33 ..Capture by fluid current 864.34 ..Sample meter or pump 864.35 ...Chamber with alternate pressure or vacuum applier 864.41 ..Cutter, tearer, or scraper 864.42 ...Jaw 864.43 ...Auger or drill 864.44 ...Corer 864.45 ....With corer advancing means 864.51 ..Receptacle type 864.52 ...Preevacuatedd 864.53 ...Mold 864.54 ....With suction applier 864.55 ....With diminutive fill passageway 864.56 .....Mating sections 864.57 ......Labyrinth 864.58 ....With sample conditioner 864.59 ....With holder or connector 864.61 ...Fluid displacement 864.62 ...Expansible chamber 864.63 ...With valve or closure 864.64 ....Side opening 864.65 ....Contact actuated 864.66 ....Support force or inertia actuated 864.67 ....Messenger actuated 864.71 ..Material for particulate adhesion 864.72 ..Capillary attraction retention 864.73 ..Conduit 864.74 ...With penetrating means 864.81 .Analyzer supplier 864.82 ..Having sample capsule support 864.83 ..Having sample confining chamber 864.84 ...Connector for separable holder 864.85 ..Connector for separable holder 864.86 ...Septum structure 864.87 ...Syringe with connector 864.91 .Sample holder 426 MEASURING VESSEL 427 .With depth indication 428 ..Removable indicator 429 .Capacity adjustable 430 INSTRUMENT MECHANISM DAMPENING 431 INSTRUMENT CASING 865 MASS 865.1 HUMAN STRESS LIMIT (E.G., DEPRESSION GAUGE FOR DIVERS) 865.2 HYDRAULIC ALTIMETER 865.3 TESTING BY IMPARTING MOTION 865.4 ANALYZING BODILY MOVEMENT (E.G., SKILLS OR KINETICS OF HANDWRITING) 865.5 PARTICLE SIZE 865.6 SIMULATED ENVIRONMENT (E.G., TEST CHAMBERS) 865.7 TOUCH OR TASTE 865.8 INSPECTING 865.9 TESTING OF APPARATUS 866 TESTING OF MATERIAL 866.1 INSTRUMENT MECHANISM OR TRANSMISSION 866.2 .Rate of change 866.3 DISPLAY OR DISPLAY DEVICE DETAILS 866.4 SPECIMEN MODEL OR ANALOG 866.5 PROBE OR PROBE MOUNTING 432.1 MISCELLANEOUS * ****************************** * CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS * ****************************** 900 AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL 901 DIGITAL READOUT * ****************************** * DIGESTS * ******************************* DIG 1 Vibration DIG 2 Magnetostrictive DIG 3 Hall effect DIG 4 Piezoelectric DIG 5 Liquid levels with magnetic transmission DIG 8 Fluid circuits DIG 9 Molten metal samplers DIG 10 Instrument mechanisms with acceleration compensation DIG 11 Photoelectric cell