Sample Bibliography
Style Guide for Electronic Sources
Sample Bibliography
| Web Pages | Parts of works | CD-ROM | Online magazine or journal articles |
| Articles from Academic Universe or other e-databases | Newspaper articles | Discussion List Messages | Personal email |
- Author/editor. (Year). Title (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Examples:
- Pritzker, T. J. (No date). An Early fragment from central Nepal [Online]. Available: http://www.ingress.com/~astanart/pritzker/pritzker.html [1995, June 8].
- Schliesmann, Greg. (1998). Breakthrough Internet marketing [Online]. Available: http://www.jvmarketer.com [1998, November 17].
* Write "No date" when the electronic publication date is not available.
Examples:
Parts of works (sections of cd-rom
encyclopedias/online encyclopedias):
- Author/editor. (Year). Title. In Source (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available: Supplier/Database identifier or number [Access date].
- Author/editor. (Year). Title. In Source (edition), [Type of medium]. Producer (optional). Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Examples:
- Bosnia and Hercegovina. (1995). In Academic American Encyclopedia [Online]. Available: Dow Jones News Retrieval Service/ENCYC [1995, June 5].
* This is an article from an encyclopedia with no author given.
- Daniel, R. T. (1995). The history of Western music. In Britannica online: Macropaedia [Online]. Available: http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-bin/g:DocF=macro/5004/45/0.html [1995, June 14].
Article in an online
magazine/journal:
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Magazine or Journal Title [Type of medium], volume (if given), paging or indicator of length. Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Examples:
- Viviano, F. (1995, May/June). The new Mafia order. Mother Jones Magazine [Online], 72 paragraphs. Available: http://www.mojones.com/MOTHER_JONES/MJ95/viviano.html [1995, July 17].
- Inada, K. (1995). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics [Online], 2, 9 paragraphs. Available: http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html [1995, June 21].
Magazine or Journal Article from Academic Universe,
Infotrac or other
online Database:
Examples:
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Newspaper Title [Type of medium], paging or indicator of length. Available: Supplier/Database name (Database identifier or number, if available)/Item or accession number [Access date].
- Author. (Year, month day). Title. Newspaper Title [Type of medium], paging or indicator of length. Available Protocol (if applicable): Site/Path/File [Access date].
Examples:
- Howell, V., & Carlton, B. (1993, August 29). Growing up tough: New generation fights for its life: Inner-city youths live by rule of vengeance. Birmingham News [CD-ROM], p. 1A(10 pp.). Available: 1994 SIRS/SIRS 1993 Youth/Volume 4/Article 56A [1995, July 16].
- Johnson, T. (1994, December 5). Indigenous people are now more combative, organized. Miami Herald [Online], p. 29SA(22 paragraphs).Available: gopher://summit.fiu.edu/Miami Herald--Summit-Related Articles/12/05/95--Indigenous People Now More Combative, Organized [1995, July 16].
* This reference gives beginning page and the number of paragraphs; this information is useful if one wishes to refer to material in text references.
- Author. (Year, Month day). Subject of message. Discussion List [Type of medium]. Available E-mail: DISCUSSION LIST@e-mail address [Access date].
- Author. (Year, Month day). Subject of message. Discussion List [Type of medium]. Available E-mail: LISTSERV@e-mail address/Get [Access date].
Examples:
- RRECOME. (1995, April 1). Top ten rules of film criticism. Discussions on All Forms of Cinema [Online]. Available E-mail: CINEMA-L@american.edu [1995, April 1].
* Author's login name, in uppercase, is given as the first element.
<LIRRECOME. Discussions on All Forms of Cinema [Online]. Available E-mail: LISTSERV@american.edu/Get cinema-l log9504A [1995, August 1].
* Reference is obtained by searching the list's archive.
Basic forms:
- Sender (Sender's E-mail address). (Year, Month day). Subject of Message. E-mail to recipient (Recipient's E-mail address)
Examples:
- Day, Martha (MDAY@sage.uvm.edu). (1995, July 30). Review of film -- Bad Lieutenant. E-mail to Xia Li (XLI@moose.uvm.edu).
The citation style used on this page is adapted from Electronic Style:
A Guide to Citing Electronic Information by Xia Li
and Nancy B. Crane, which derives its style from the American
Psychological
Association (APA).
For more examples of electronic source citations, using the MLA style, which is similar to Turabian, see MLA/Alliance for Computers and Writing. If this guide doesn't include an example appropri ate to your work, see the other sites listed below. It is most important to be clear and consistent in following the logic of a citation style. The citation should provide enough information so that a reader could find the article or book you have in mind. http://www.uvm.edu/~xli/reference/mla.html, a collection of samples at the University of Vermont; http://jcomm.uoregon.edu/~sponder/j202/ style.html at the University of Oregon, or http://www.lacollege.edu/depart/EJL/electronic.html at Louisiana College.