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Re: list of tangerines available
A DIRECTORY OF MANDARINS / TANGERINES AND THEIR HYBRIDS 1994.03
Rick Harrison, PO Box 54-7014, Orlando FL 32854, USA
Internet e-mail: hrick@world.std.com
Mandarins/tangerines are citrus fruits and trees of the species
_Citrus_reticulata_ Blanco. They are distinguished from other citrus
species by the relatively loose skin of the fruits, the relative ease
with which the segments can be separated, and (in most cultivars) the
green cotyledons. Most varieties also contain chemical compounds not
found in other citrus species: _thymol_ in the leaves and _tangeretin_
in the fruits. Some experts consider the varieties King, Satsuma,
Cleopatra and Ponkan to be separate species unto themselves.
I have a personal fondness for mandarins. This document is my attempt
to organize the information I've found about the known varieties.
If you live in an area that doesn't have hard freezes, you can grow
tangerine trees outdoors; they usually require little attention after
they have established themselves. My method for installing a potted
tree: Pick a sunny site; dig a larger hole than necessary; stir some
composted cow manure and just a small dash of slow-release fertilizer
containing trace minerals into the soil; replace some of the soil so that
the hole is the correct depth for planting the tree. (The rootball's
height/depth in relation to the ground surface should be the same after
installation as it was in the pot.) Loosen and spread the small roots on
the outside of the rootball; insert the tree, fill in the rest of the hole,
and water thoroughly while gently tamping down the soil to eliminate air
pockets.
In colder areas, mandarins can be grown in greenhouses, or in portable
containers which are kept outdoors until freezing weather arrives, then
brought indoors to a sunlit location. For trees that will have to be
wintered in a garage or other unheated area, satsuma on trifoliate
rootstock is the best choice.
Regarding pest control, the owners of large groves are convinced that
it's impossible to grow citrus without frequent use of insecticides,
fungicides and herbicides. However, many people in Florida grow a few
citrus trees around their homes and give them no attention whatsoever --
no pesticides, little or no pruning, not even any fertilizer -- and they
still enjoy reasonably good harvests. My hypothesis is that the over-use
of fertilizer in commercial groves leads to their dependence on pesticides.
Over-fertilization causes trees to grow at an unnatural rate, and the
tender new growth of citrus is most attractive to aphids, mites and other
insects. These insects are the method of transportation of most of the
viral diseases that affect citrus.
When it comes to flavor, I have sampled about 18 varieties and Dancy is
still my favorite. Dancy tends to be tart and acidic in November, has
a rich blend of sugars and acids in December, and becomes very sweet by
January, assuming the weather has been favorable. Dancy seems to reach its
peak around the time of the winter solstice; the peel and flesh are very
aromatic at that time, and the mix of sugars and acids is complex and
delicious.
I'd like to hear from other tangerine fanatics: what are your favorite
varities? do you freeze juice or make preserves? what lengths do you
go to in order to grow tangerines in cold climates? what do you think
about commercial practices such as "de-greening" and waxing?
the list of varieties is divided thus:
Mandarins
Tangelos (mandarin X grapefruit/pummelo crosses)
Tangors (tangerine X orange crosses)
Complex Hybrids
Lemandarins (mandarin X lemon crosses)
hardiness = tolerance to cold (the tree, not the fruit);
season = when the fruit is ripe (this varies depending on climate);
holds = how well the fruit lasts on the tree after maturing;
size, shape, base, apex, etc. = description of fruit
variety:
category:
hardiness:
tree:
leaves:
season:
holds:
size:
shape:
base:
apex:
axis:
color:
surface:
rind:
oil glands:
segments:
pulp:
vesicles:
flavor:
seeds:
history:
notes:
+-----------+
| mandarins |
+-----------+
variety: Beauty (a.k.a. Beauty of Glen Retreat)
category: mandarin
tree: thornless, branches slender and willowy
leaves: small
season: Dec Jan
size: medium, avg. diam. 2.5, avg. height 2.25
shape: flattened oblate, segmentation visible
apex: flat or very slightly depressed
axis: open, 1/2 inch or less diam.
color: red-orange
surface: glossy
rind: very thin, 1/16
oil glands: large, elliptical/oval, conspicuous
segments: 10 or more
pulp: melting, orange
vesicles: broad, blunt
flavor: rich; resembles Dancy but is distinct; "vinous" - Hume
seeds: few, small
history: discov Australia 1888; distrib USDA 1893; formerly grown in FL
notes: "it has disappeared from cultivation" - Webber et al 1943
variety: Campeona
category: mandarin
season: mid-season to late
size: large
shape: broadly oblate
surface: pebbled texture
rind: adherent but peelable
pulp: orange color
flavor: rich
seeds: many
notes: grown in Argentina
variety: Carvalhais
category: mandarin
season: early
holds: well
size: medium to large
rind: medium thick, tough, strongly adherent
history: originated in Portugal
variety: Changsha
category: mandarin (grows true-to-type from seed)
hardiness: very hardy
season: early
size: small-to-medium
flavor: good
seeds: numerous
notes: resembles Satsuma
variety: Clementine (a.k.a. Algerian)
category: mandarin (possibly a chance hybrid of unknown parentage)
tree: medium, spreading or weeping habit, nearly thornless
leaves: dark green above and lighter on underside; dense foliage
season: Dec Jan Feb
holds: well
size: medium, diam. 2 to 2.5, height 2 to 2.75
shape: globose to ovoid, somewhat irregular
base: evenly rounded to slightly necked, with radiating furrows
apex: depressed
axis: large, hollow
color: deep orange-red
surface: smooth, glossy, slightly pitted
rind: medium thick, 1/8 to 3/16, loose
oil glands: prominent, large, elliptical, depressions over primary ones
segments: 8 to 12, slight adherence
pulp: tender, melting, deep orange
vesicles: short, broad
flavor: sweet
seeds: 3 to 6, medium size, oblong to fusiform; embryo pistache green
history: discov in Algeria, came to FL 1909
notes: fruits hold well on tree; best when pollinated by Dancy,
Kinnow, Orlando, Valencia; produces best fruit in deserts
of California and Arizona; seedless in some climates
variety: Cleopatra (a.k.a. Spice)
category: mandarin
tree: low, spreading, dense foliage, attractive
leaves: small, dark green
season: Jan Feb
size: small, up to 2 inch diam.
shape: oblate
base: flat
apex: depressed, generally navel marked
color: deep red-orange
surface: somewhat rough
rind: very loose, up to 1/8 thick
oil glands: small, numerous
segments: 15
pulp: coarse-grained, orange
vesicles: broad, blunt
flavor: tart
seeds: numerous, small
history: came from Jamaica to Florida before 1888
notes: used as rootstock for other varieties; possibly identical
with Ponki, which is used as a rootstock in Japan
variety: Cravo
category: mandarin
season: early
size: medium
shape: obovate to subglobose
color: deep orange
rind: medium thickness, somewhat rough, loosely adherent
flavor: juicy, mild
notes: grown in Brazil
variety: Dancy (a.k.a. Moragne, Bijou)
category: mandarin (usually grows true-to-type from seed)
hardiness: hardy
tree: medium-large, erect, nearly thornless
leaves: broadly lanceolate, 3 to 4.75 inches long
season: Nov Dec Jan
holds: fair
size: medium, diam. 2.25 to 3, height 1.5 to 2.125
shape: oblate
base: usually necked, more or less corrugated
apex: broadly depressed
axis: large, hollow
color: deep red-orange
surface: smooth, glossy
rind: thin, 1/8 to 3/16, leathery, easily removed, not baggy until old
oil glands: small
segments: 10 to 14, easily separated
pulp: melting, tender, dark orange
vesicles: short, broad, relatively large
flavor: rich and sprightly, pleasant aroma
seeds: 6 to 20, short, blunt or beaked; cotyledons pistache green
history: introduced into cultivation 1871
notes: Does best in Florida. Recently this variety's susceptibility
to alternaria has been a problem in commercial groves.
variety: Dweet
category: mandarin (hybrid: Dancy x Mediterranean)
tree: medium, open habit
season: late
holds: poorly
size: medium-large
shape: ovoid with a slight neck
color: red-orange
rind: adherent
flavor: rich
seeds: many
notes: does well in coastal and interior California
variety: Emperor
category: mandarin
season: Nov Dec Jan Feb
size: large, avg. diam. 2.5, height 1.75
shape: oblate, sometimes has a "neck"
color: pale orange
base: sometimes necked
rind: moderately thin, easy to peel
segments: 9 to 10, sometimes irregular
pulp: pale orange color
seeds: 10 to 16, long and pointed
notes: widely grown in Australia early in 20th century
variety: Encore
category: mandarin (hybrid: King x Mediterranean)
tree: medium, upright/spreading habit, few or no thorns
season: Mar Apr May
holds: well
color: yellow-orange, speckled with dark orange spots
rind: easily peeled
flavor: rich
seeds: many
history: introduced by University of California at Riverside
variety: Fortune
category: mandarin (hybrid: Clementine x Dancy)
season: late
variety: Fremont
category: mandarin (hybrid: Clementine x Ponkan)
season: early
holds: well
flavor: rich
history: developed by J R Furr, released 1964
variety: Honey
category: mandarin (hybrid: King x Mediterranean)
tree: medium-to-large, vigorous, spreading
season: early
holds: well
size: small to medium
color: yellow-orange
rind: easily peeled
flavor: very sweet
seeds: many
notes: beware of name confusion; Murcott tangors are sometimes
called "Honey tangerines"; Minneola is a.k.a. Honeybell.
Honey is a commercial variety in California.
variety: Iyo
category: mandarin
season: midseason
color: deep orange
flavor: juicy, rich
notes: grown in Japan
variety: Kara
category: mandarin (hybrid: Owari Satsuma x King)
hardiness: sensitive
tree: medium, vigorous, spreading, nearly thornless
leaves: large, dark green, with drooping habit
season: Mar Apr May
holds: fair
size: medium, diam. 2 to 3, height 2.125 to 2.75
shape: medium oblate to nearly globose, often somewhat conical
base: often with small neck
apex: considerably flattened, often depressed
axis: semi-hollow
color: orange
surface: moderately grained
rind: thin-to-medium, 1/8 to 1/5, loose, tough
oil glands: numerous, medium size; oil is abundant, aromatic
segments: 10 to 13, easily separated
pulp: tender, yellow-orange
vesicles: medium size, stout
flavor: rich flavor, strong pleasant unique aroma
seeds: 12 to 20, plump, yellow-tinged or yellow-green cotyledons
history: H B Frost, CA Citrus Experiment Station, 1935
notes: best in interior California, sometimes grown for its juice
variety: Kincy
category: mandarin (hybrid: King x Dancy)
notes: distinctive, excellent flavor according to Webber
variety: King (a.k.a. King of Siam)
category: mandarin (although some call it an orange)
hardiness: hardy
tree: upright, medium size, relatively open foliage
leaves: large, 3 to 4.25, broadly lanceolate, margins slightly crenate
season: Mar Apr May
size: large, diam. 2.5 to 3.75, height 2.25 to 3.5
shape: oblate to near spherical
base: rounded or somewhat necked, wrinkled with short radiating furrows
apex: flattened or depressed, marked by characteristic areole
axis: large, 0.75 to 1.25, hollow, stellate
color: yellow-orange to orange
surface: rough and bumpy
rind: thick, 3/16 to 5/16, tight but easily removed
oil glands: large, depressions over main ones give finely pitted appearance
segments: 10 to 12, regular, easily separated
pulp: dark orange, tender, melting
vesicles: fusiform, medium in size
flavor: rich and sprightly
seeds: 5 to 15 or more, fusiform, plump, beaked, white cotyledons
history: from Saigon to Riverside CA 1880; to Winter Park FL 1882
notes: susceptible to sun scald due to thin foliage, limb breakage due
to over-bearing; might be identical to Kunenbo grown in Japan
variety: Kinneloa
category: mandarin
size: medium, up to 3 inch diam.
shape: roundish-oblate
apex: small dot in a medium small basin
color: red-orange
surface: undulating, rough
rind: loose, 1/8 inch thick
oil glands: numerous, depressed; oil pungent, aromatic
pulp: tender
vesicles: small to medium, irregular
flavor: ordinary
seeds: 10, plump, straw colored
history: probably originated on Kinneloa Ranch east of Pasadena CA
notes: "Tanaka considers this variety to be identical with the
Ponkan. The Kinneloa... has apparently disappeared from
cultivation." - Webber et al 1943
variety: Kinnow
category: mandarin (hybrid: King x Willow-leaf)
hardiness: very hardy
tree: vigorous, large, erect, dense
leaves: medium size, rather thin and pliable
season: Jan Feb Mar Apr
holds: well
size: medium, diam. 2.125 to 3, height 2 to 2.5
shape: slightly oblate
base: flattened, often slightly depressed
apex: flattened, often slightly depressed
axis: solid to semi-hollow
color: deep yellow-orange
surface: smooth, glossy, easily scars
rind: thin, 1/8, leathery, fairly easy to peel
oil glands: conspicuous, oil is abundant and aromatic
segments: 9 to 10, fairly easy to separate
pulp: moderately tender, deep yellow-orange
vesicles: medium size, stout
flavor: rich, high sugar and moderate acid, unique pleasant aroma
seeds: 12 to 24, medium size, yellowish cotyledons
history: H B Frost, CA Citrus Experiment Station, 1935
notes: outstanding flavor, attractive appearance
variety: Kino Kuni (a.k.a. Kinokuni)
category: mandarin
tree: compactly headed
leaves: small
season: Nov Dec
size: small to medium
shape: flattened oblate
base: usually creased or roughened with 4 or 5 ridges
apex: broad, shallow depression
color: orange to red-orange
surface: rough
rind: 1/8 inch or thinner, tight but peelable
oil glands: conspicuous, depressed
segments: 13, irregular
pulp: melting, coarse, orange
vesicles: short, broad, blunt
flavor: sprightly, acidity and sweetness well blended
seeds: 13 to 14, top shaped, beaked; green cotyledons
variety: Mandalina
category: mandarin
history: from Lebanon
notes: resembles Dancy but has more seeds, lower quality fruit
variety: Naartje (a.k.a. Natal)
category: mandarin
season: mid-season
size: medium to medium-large
rind: strongly adherent
seeds: many
flavor: rich
notes: a commercial variety in South Africa; ships well
variety: Oneco
category: mandarin
tree: large, vigorous, erect
leaves: 2 to 3.125 inches long, fragrant when bruised
season: Jan Feb Mar
holds: well
size: medium to large, diam. 2.5 to 3.5, height 2.25 to 3
shape: oblate to slightly pyriform
base: mainly necked, somewhat furrowed
apex: has a broad, shallow depression
axis: large, hollow
color: yellow-orange
surface: glossy, somewhat rough; become bumpy when old
rind: thin, 1/8 to 3/16, loose
oil glands: small but conspicuous
segments: 8 to 12, easily separated
pulp: tender, melting, yellow-orange
vesicles: medium size, short and broad
flavor: sweet
seeds: 5 to 12, small, beaked; cotyledons pale green, nearly white
history: seed from India 1888; distrib Royal Palm Nursery of Oneco FL
notes: "not surpassed in quality by any other... mandarin" - Hume;
"resembles the Ponkan closely" - Jackson
variety: Pixie
category: mandarin (offspring of Kincy)
tree: medium-large, with erect open habit
season: Apr May Jun
holds: fair
size: small to medium
color: yellow-orange
rind: easily peeled
flavor: mild
seeds: none
variety: Ponkan (a.k.a. Warnurco, Chinese Honey Orange, Batangas)
category: mandarin
hardiness: hardy? tender?
tree: small, upright
season: Nov Dec
holds: fair
size: large, diam. 2.75 to 3.25
shape: globose to oblate
base: flattened or somewhat necked, with irregular furrows
apex: deeply depressed, with radiating furrows, sometimes with navel
axis: large, hollow
color: orange
surface: smooth or finely papillate
rind: medium thick, loosely adherent
oil glands: prominent, not uniform
segments: 9 to 12, easily separated
pulp: tender, bright, near salmon-orange
vesicles: large, plump, many attached to side walls
flavor: sweet, aromatic
seeds: few, small, plump, nearly smooth; green embryos
history: from China to FL 1892
notes: does not ship well; called Suntara in India
variety: Satsuma (a.k.a. Unshiu)
category: mandarin
hardiness: very hardy (mature, dormant trees hardy to 12'F)
tree: small to medium, spreading, slow-growing
leaves: (depends on strain)
season: Sep Oct Nov
holds: fair
size: medium to large
shape: oblate to spherical or slightly conical
axis: hollow
color: orange to yellow-orange
surface: slightly rough
rind: thin, 1/8 to 3/16, tight but easily peeled
oil glands: large and numerous
pulp: tender, melting, ochraceous orange or salmon
vesicles: broad
flavor: good, low acid
seeds: few
history: originated in Japan circa 1600, Japan to USA 1876
notes: pulp ripens before rind changes color; there are many different
strains, including Owari, Wase, Ikeda, Mikado; rootstock and
soil influence fruit quality; mutations and throwbacks are
common; often grown on trifoliate stock to accentuate dormancy
variety: Wilking
category: mandarin (hybrid: King x Willow-leaf)
hardiness: hardy
tree: medium, vigorous, columnar, dense
leaves: medium size, up to 4.75 inches long
season: Jan Feb Mar Apr
holds: fair
size: medium, diam. 2.125 to 3.125, height 1.75 to 3
shape: oblate
base: flattened, slightly if at all depressed
apex: flattened, medium-depressed
axis: semi-hollow
color: deep yellow-orange
surface: coarsely grained to nearly smooth
rind: thin to medium, 1/8 to 1/6, brittle, loose
oil glands: medium size, numerous, conspicuous; oil abundant, aromatic
segments: 9 to 13, easily separated
pulp: moderately tender, rich yellow-orange
vesicles: medium size, stout
flavor: rich, good, high sugar, moderate acid, distinctive aroma
seeds: 10 to 17, mostly plump, yellow-green cotyledons
history: developed by H Frost, CA Citrus Experiment Station, 1935
notes: alternate-bearing (heavy production every other year)
variety: Willow-leaf (a.k.a. Mediterranean, China)
category: mandarin (grows true-to-type from seeds)
hardiness: hardy
tree: small to medium, broad, with fine willowy branches
leaves: small, narrow, lanceolate
season: Nov Dec Jan
holds: poorly
size: medium, diam. 2 to 2.5, height 1.75 to 2.25
shape: oblate to globose
base: variable
apex: depressed, slightly wrinkled
axis: large, diam. 1/2 to 3/4, hollow
color: yellow-orange
surface: smooth, glossy, segmentation visible
rind: thin, 1/16 to 1/8, loose
oil glands: conspicuous, with depressions over primary glands
segments: 10 to 12
pulp: tender, orange
vesicles: short and plump
flavor: sweet, flavorful, distinctly aromatic
seeds: 15 to 20
history: from Italy to Louisiana circa 1845
notes: needs a hot climate for best fruit
+----------+
| tangelos |
+----------+
variety: K-Early
category: probably a tangelo
season: early -- the earliest mandarin
notes: developed by H J Webber and W T Swingle; never officially
introduced by the USDA, but is grown by unscrupulous growers
who get a high price for early fruit; the fruit is of poor
quality, low in both sugar and acid, often bitter.
variety: Minneola (a.k.a. Honeybell)
category: tangelo (Duncan x Dancy)
hardiness: hardy
tree: medium-large, vigorous, round
leaves: dark green, large
season: Dec Jan Feb
holds: well
size: large
shape: globose-ovoid with distinct "neck"
color: red-orange
rind: thick, brittle
flavor: rich, tangy
seeds: less than 10 on average
notes: best when pollinated by Dancy, Clementine, Kinnow, Temple
variety: Orlando (a.k.a. Lake)
category: tangelo (Duncan x Dancy)
hardiness: "more cold-tolerant than Minneola"
tree: dark, distinctively cupped leaves
season: Nov Dec Jan
size: medium-large, diam. 3.5
color: orange to yellow-orange
rind: strongly adherent
flavor: mildly sweet
history: bred by W T Swingle in 1911, released in 1931
notes: best when pollinated by Dancy, Clementine, Kinnow, Temple;
will grow in deserts of CA and AZ
variety: Pearl
category: tangelo (Willow-leaf x Imperial)
season: early
history: developed by H Frost, 1940
notes: poor quality fruit
variety: Sampson
category: tangelo (Dancy x unnamed grapefruit)
tree: large, vigorous
leaves: glossy, cupped
season: Feb Mar Apr
holds: well
size: medium
color: yellow-orange
rind: thin, somewhat adherent
flavor: acidic, similar to grapefruit
seeds: 15 on average
history: bred by W T Swingle in 1897
notes: susceptible to scab
variety: Seminole
category: tangelo (Dancy x Duncan)
tree: medium to large, vigorous
season: Feb Mar Apr
holds: fair
size: medium-large
color: red-orange
rind: easily peeled
flavor: sprightly, tangy
seeds: many (22 average)
history: released 1931
variety: Thornton
category: tangelo
season: Dec Jan Feb
color: light orange
rind: thick, easily peeled
flavor: sweet
seeds: 15 average
history: bred in 1899 by W T Swingle
+---------+
| tangors |
+---------+
variety: Ambersweet
category: tangor+ ([Clementine x Orlando] x sweet orange)
hardiness: moderately hardy
tree: upright, moderately vigorous, small thorns
season: Oct Nov Dec
size: medium, 2.5 to 3.75 in. diam.
shape: tapered at stem end, slightly pear-shaped overall
surface: rather pebbly
rind: moderately thick, easily peeled
seeds: highly variable in number depending on pollination
history: developed by C. J. Hearn (USDA Orlando), released 1989
notes: self-pollinating; attractive to mites; produces best fruit
on Cleopatra or sour orange rootstock
variety: Ellendale
category: possibly a tangor
season: late
size: medium to large
shape: oblate to globose
color: orange-red
seeds: many
notes: grown in Australia
variety: Fallglo
category: mandarin (hybrid: Bower x Temple)
hardiness: not very hardy
tree: moderately vigorous, upright, thornless
season: Oct Nov
size: medium, 2.75 to 3.25 in. diam.
shape: oblate
color: deep red-orange
rind: 1/8 to 3/16 in thick, easily peeled
seeds: 20 to 40
history: bred by P. C. Reese, released by USDA 1987
notes: resistant to scab fungus; susceptible to aphids; sometimes
suffers from twig and limb dieback
variety: Mency
category: tangor (Maltese Oval x Dancy)
tree: vigorous, productive
season: very early
flavor: rather sour
variety: Murcott
category: tangor
hardiness: semi-sensitive
tree: medium, upright
season: Jan Feb Mar
size: medium
color: yellow-orange
surface: smooth and somewhat glossy
rind: thin, tight but peelable
flavor: sweet, rich
seeds: 18 to 24
history: probably the result of Swingle's breeding experiments,
the parent tree lost its identification tag in transit to
Safety Harbor FL in 1913.
notes: slightly susceptible to scab fungus and xyloporosis
variety: Ortanique
category: probably a tangor
season: late
size: large
rind: thin, tight
flavor: rich, juicy
history: discovered in Jamaica 1920
variety: Ruddy
category: tangor (King x Maltese Oval)
size: large
flavor: tart, aromatic
variety: Tangerona
category: tangor
hardiness: sensitive
season: Sep Oct
size: small
shape: roundish
color: yellow-orange
rind: tight
flavor: good
seeds: few to many, depending on pollination
history: from Brazil to FL circa 1890
notes: the specimen I tasted was slightly bitter, but I don't know
yet if this is typical or was caused by the stress of
moving the tree to my location last year (1993) - RH
variety: Tankan
category: probably a tangor (parents unknown)
season: medium to late
size: medium to large
color: deep orange
surface: pebbled or somewhat wrinkled
flavor: juicy, rich, sweet
history: from southeast China
notes: stores well, ships well
variety: Temple
category: probably a tangor (parents unknown)
hardiness: tender
tree: spreading, bushy, somewhat thorny
leaves: medium size
season: Jan Feb Mar Apr
holds: fair
size: medium-large, diam. 2.5 to 3.25, height 2.25 to 2.5
shape: oblate to spherical
base: rounded or tapering to a slightly raised neck
apex: somewhat depressed or nearly flat, frequently with small navel
axis: mainly solid, diam. 3/8 to 1/2
color: orange to red-orange
surface: slightly pebbled or rugose
rind: medium thick, 1/8 to 3/16, loose and peelable, leathery
oil glands: spherical to elliptical
segments: 10 to 12
pulp: tender, melting, orange
vesicles: medium size, fusiform
flavor: rich and spicy
seeds: average 20, medium, plump
history: originated in Winter Park FL, distrib Buckeye Nurseries 1917
notes: somewhat susceptible to scab
variety: Umatilla
category: tangor (Owari Satsuma x Ruby orange)
season: late
size: large
color: red-orange
surface: smooth
history: bred by W T Swingle in 1911, released in 1931
notes: excellent quality; sometimes incorrectly called a tangelo;
fruit is size and shape of King
+-----------------+
| complex hybrids |
+-----------------+
variety: Fairchild
category: hybrid: Clementine x Orlando
tree: medium, rounded, dense, nearly thornless
season: early
holds: fair
size: medium-size
color: deep orange
flavor: sweet, rich
seeds: many
history: developed by J R Furr, released 1964
notes: does best in the low deserts of California and Arizona;
needs to be pollinated by other mandarins for best production
variety: Lee
category: hybrid: Clementine x Orlando
hardiness: hardy
season: Oct Nov Dec
size: medium, 2.75 to 3 in. diam.
shape: oblate
color: yellow-orange
surface: smooth
rind: thin, adherent
flavor: good, low acid level
seeds: 10 to 25
history: developed by F E Gardner, released by USDA 1959
notes: pulp ripens before peel develops full orange color
variety: Nova
category: hybrid: Clementine x Orlando
season: Nov Dec
size: medium to large, 2.75 to 3 in. diam.
shape: oblate
axis: somewhat hollow
color: orange
surface: slightly pebbly
rind: medium-thick, adherent but peelable
pulp: deep orange
size: medium-large
seeds: 1 to 30 (varies depending on pollination)
history: developed by F E Gardner, released by USDA in 1964
notes: when grown in Florida, resembles Orlando tangelo; requires
cross pollination from other varieties
variety: Osceola
category: hybrid: Clementine x Orlando
hardiness: moderately hardy
tree: upright, dense foliage, nearly thornless
season: Oct Nov
holds: poorly
size: medium, 2.25 to 2.75 in. diam.
color: deep orange to coral-red
surface: glossy
rind: thin, leathery
flavor: tangy, high sugar and high acid (disliked by some)
seeds: 15 to 25 seeds
history: developed by F E Gardner, released 1959
notes: cross-pollination from other varieties increases yield;
susceptible to scab fungus
variety: Page
category: hybrid: Minneola x Clementine
tree: medium, round, dense foliage, few thorns
season: Nov Dec Jan
holds: well
size: small-to-medium
shape: nearly spherical
color: orange
rind: medium-thin, leathery, strongly adherent
flavor: rich; "great choice for fresh juice lovers"
seeds: variable, 2 to 25
history: developed by Gardner & Bellows (USDA Orlando), released 1963
notes: produces best fruit when pollinated by other varieties;
limited commercial potential due to small fruit size, but
good for home orchards due to high quality and long season;
somewhat susceptible to scab fungus disease
variety: Robinson
category: hybrid: Clementine x Orlando
hardiness: moderately hardy
tree: dense foliage
season: Oct Nov Dec
color: yellow-orange to orange
size: medium, 2.5 to 3 in. diam.
shape: oblate
surface: smooth, glossy
rind: thin, leathery, easily peeled
flavor: mild
history: developed by Gardner & Bellows, introduced in 1959
notes: best when pollinated by a tangelo or tangor; susceptible to
twig and stem dieback; fruit splitting sometimes a problem
variety: Sunburst
category: hybrid: Robinson x Osceola
hardiness: moderately hardy
tree: moderately vigorous, upright and spreading, thornless
leaves: dark green
season: Nov Dec
size: 2.5 to 3 in. diam.
shape: oblate with depressed navel
axis: somewhat hollow
color: dark orange
surface: smooth
rind: thin, easily peeled
segments: 11 to 14
flavor: sweet
seeds: 10 to 20, pale green inside
history: introduced in 1979, developed by Dr. C. Jack Hearn
notes: best when pollinated by other varieties; resistant to
scab, alternaria and citrus snow scale; vulnerable to citrus
rust mite and Texas citrus mite
+-------------+
| lemandarins |
+-------------+
variety: Owarbon
category: lemandarin/tangemon (Owari Satsuma x Lisbon lemon)
surface: rough
pulp: tender, juicy
flavor: tart, aromatic
seeds: few
==========================================================================
+--------------+
| bibliography |
+--------------+
Hume, H. Harold; Citrus fruits and their culture; 1904
Jackson, Larry K.; Citrus growing in Florida; 3rd edition, University
of Florida Press, 1991
Jackson, L. K. & Futch, S. H.; Facts about specialty citrus
characteristics; in: Citrus Industry, Jan 1994, Feb 1994
Ray, Richard & Walheim, Lance; Citrus -- how to select, grow and enjoy;
H P Books, 1980
Sturrock, David; Fruits for southern Florida; Southeastern Printing Co, 1959
Webber & Batchelor, editors; The citrus industry -- history, botany and
breeding; University of California, 1943
/ end /
Article 13571 of rec.gardens:
Newsgroups: rec.gardens
Path: samba!concert!gatech!darwin.sura.net!cs.ucf.edu!tarpit!bilver!jwt!hrick
From: bbs-hrick@jwt.UUCP (Rick Harrison)
Subject: tangerines
Reply-To: bbs-hrick@jwt.UUCP
Organization: The Matrix
Date: Wed, 10 Feb 1993 23:42:53 GMT
Message-ID: <725RyB1w164w@jwt.UUCP>
Sender: bbs@jwt.UUCP
Lines: 201
A DIRECTORY OF TANGERINES, TANGELOS AND TANGORS -- FIRST DRAFT
Corrections and additions would be appreciated.
Variety name, Classification (mandarin/tangelo/tangor), Hardiness
(sensitive/hardy/very hardy), Tree-description, Ripe-fruit-season,
Fruit-description, Pollinator-requirements, Notes
V: Calamondin
C: hybrid: mandarin X kumquat
H: very hardy
T: small, columnar
R: year-round
F: very small, red-orange skin, acidic flesh, sweet edible rind
P: self-pollinating
V: Changsha
C: mandarin (grows true-to-type from seed)
H: very hardy
T:
R: early
F: small-to-medium, seedy, good flavor; "resembles Satsuma"
P: self-pollinating
V: Clementine (a.k.a. Algerian)
C: mandarin
H:
T: small-to-medium, weeping habit, dense foliage
R: early
F: medium-size, red-orange skin, peels easily, sweet, juicy
P: best when pollinated by Dancy, Kinnow, Orlando, Valencia
V: Dancy
C: mandarin
H: hardy
T: medium-to-large
R: mid-season (Dec-Jan)
F: medium-size, red-orange skin, distinctive oblate shape, easily
F: peeled & segmented; rich flavor, pleasant aroma
P:
N: the quintessential tangerine, does best in Florida
V: Encore
C: mandarin
H:
T: medium, upright/spreading habit
R: late season
F: colorful speckled rind, easily peeled, rich and juicy
P:
V: Fairchild
C: mandarin
H:
T: medium, rounded
R: very early
F: medium-size, sweet and juicy
P:
N: "best in the low deserts of California and Arizona"
V: Honey
C: mandarin
H:
T: medium-to-large, vigorous, spreading
R: early
F: yellow-orange skin, small to medium, very sweet
P:
N: beware of name confusion; many varieties of fruit are sold
N: as "Honey tangerines"; Murcott and Minneola are sometimes
N: called Honey or Honeybell
V: Kara
C: mandarin
H:
T: medium-large drooping tree with large, dark green leaves
R: late
F: medium-large, flavorful
P:
N: "best in interior California"
V: Kinnow
C: mandarin
H: very hardy
T: large, columnar
R: mid-season
F: medium-size, juicy, rich
P:
V: Lee
C:
H:
T:
R:
F:
P:
V: Mediterranean (a.k.a. Willowleaf)
C: mandarin
H: hardy
T: small-to-medium, spreading, with small narrow leaves
R:
F: medium-small, sweet, aromatic
P:
N: "hardy, but needs a very hot climate for best fruit"
V: Minneola
C: tangelo
H: hardy
T: medium-large, vigorous
R: Dec-Jan
F: large; thick red-orange skin; distinct "neck"; rich, tangy
P: best when pollinated by Dancy, Clementine, Kinnow, Valencia
V: Murcott
C: tangor ??
H: semi-sensitive
T: medium, upright
R: Jan-Mar
F: thin yellow-orange skin, medium-size, juicy, sweet
P:
N: slightly susceptible to scab fungus
V: Nova
C: mandarin
H:
T:
R:
F: medium-large, orange rind
P:
V: Orlando
C: tangelo (Duncan grapefruit X Dancy tangerine)
H: "more cold-tolerant than Minneola"
T: cupped leaves
R: Nov-Jan
F: orange rind, medium-large, juicy, mildly sweet
P: best when pollinated by Dancy, Clementine, Kinnow, Temple
V: Page
C: "resembles a sweet orange, but technically a mandarin"
H:
T: medium, round, dense foliage
R: early
F: small-to-medium, rich flavor
P:
V: Ponkan
C:
H: hardy
T:
R: Dec-Jan
F: peels easily, "delicious but will not ship"
P:
V: Robinson
C: mandarin
H: hardy
T:
R: early (Oct-Dec)
F: medium-size, orange or yellow-orange skin, juicy but bland
P: best when pollinated by a tangelo or tangor
N: susceptible to twig dieback; an inferior variety in my opinion
V: Satsuma
C: mandarin
H: very hardy
T: medium-small, slow-growing, dark leaves
R: Sep-Nov
F: yellow-orange skin, medium-size, mildly sweet
P:
V: Sunburst
C:
H: hardy
T:
R: Nov-Dec
F: bright color, sweet
P: best when pollinated by other varieties
V: Temple
C: tangor
H: sensitive
T: medium-small, bushy
R: Jan-Mar
F: medium-large, peelable, seedy, juicy, rich flavor
P: self-pollinating
N: somewhat susceptible to scab
V: Wilking
C: mandarin
H: hardy
T: small-to-medium, dense foliage
R:
F: medium-size, juicy, rich flavor
P:
N: alternate-bearing (heavy production every other year)
==========================================================================
Rick Harrison 71174.2735@compuserve.com
peora.sdc.ccur.com!jwt!bbs-hrick